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72 Plank on frame ideas | model boats, boat building, model ships Mar 29, �� The longitudinal joint between two timbers or planks; the term usually refers to planking seams, the longitudinal juxtaposition of the edges of planks in the sides or decks, which were made watertight. Shake. A longitudinal crack or distortion in a timber, Author: J. Richard Steffy.
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Most commonly, a single keelson was installed that was no larger than the keel. On very large vessels, however, various combinations of as many as a dozen keelsons were assembled. Where extra molding was required, one or more additional keelsons, called rider keelsons or false keelsons , were bolted to the top of the main keelson. They could be of identical size to, or smaller than, the main keelson. Auxiliary keelsons bolted alongside the main keelson were known as sister U.

However, care should be exercised in interpreting the various keelsons from contracts. For instance, some nineteenth-century American contracts for large schooners refer to the keelson above the main keelson as the sister, and the one above that as the assistant sister keelson. On occasion, large square timbers were placed at the floor Boat Construction On Frame Plank Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words head line or near the bilge, usually above the bilge keels.

These were called bilge keelsons or, in some British document, sister keelsons. Secondary keelsons did not necessarily run the full length of the hull, terminating at the ends of the hold, the last square frames, or some other appropriate location. Figure G-4 illustrates some typical arrangements. Keel staple [Keel clamp] Figs. G-3 and G-4a. A large metal staple used to attach the false keel to the keel.

Kevel head. The extension of a frame or top timber above the bulwarks to form a bitt, to which ropes were secured. Kingplank [Central strake, Kingstrake]. Variously, the central strake of a flush deck or the central strake of a hull without a keel. Knee [Knee timber] Figs. An angular piece of timber used to reinforce the junction of two surfaces of different planes; usually made from the crotch of a Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words tree where two large branches intersected, or where a branch or root joined the trunk.

See also Dagger knee , Hanging knee , Lodging knee , and Standing knee. Knee of the head [Head knee] Fig. A knee or knee-shaped structure, fixed to the forward surface of the stem, that formed the cutwater at its lower end and supported the headrails and figurehead at its upper end.

Knightheads Figs. The forwardmost frame timbers, which ran parallel to the stem, their heels being fayed to the forwardmost cant p. Also, a name given to a pair of bitts, located just aft of the foremast on merchant ships, that supported the ends of the windlass, or to any bitt whose upper end was carved in the shape of a human head. Knuckle timbers Fig.

A name sometimes applied to the fore and aft frames in the bow of a roundbowed ship. The hawse Boat Words Plank On Construction Frame Frame Plank On Boat Construction Words Construction Plank On Frame Boat Words pieces and knightheads. Ledge Figs. G-7a and G-7b. A short beam set between and parallel to the deck beams to provide intermediate support of the deck; the ends of ledges were supported by carlings , clamps , or lodging knees. A large plate, or assembly of timbers, mounted on the side of a hull and lowered when sailing off the wind to increase lateral resistance and reduce leeway.

Level lines. Another name for the waterlines on hull plans; they described the horizontal sections of the hull. Light [Light port]. Limber boards Fig. Ceiling planks next to the keelson which could be removed to clean the limbers; on some ancient vessels, limber boards were laid transversely above the centerline of the keel. Holes or slots were sometimes cut into limber boards so that they could be lifted more easily. Limber holes [Watercourses] Figs.

Apertures cut in the bottom surfaces of frames over, Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words or on either side of, the keel to allow water to drain into the pump well. Limber ledges. Rabbeted timbers running parallel to the keel and atop the floor timbers for the purpose of supporting transverse ceiling planks. Watercourses or channels alongside or central to the keel or keelson, through which water could drain into the pump well.

Limber strake Fig. The lowest permanent ceiling strake, fastened to the tops of the frames next to the limber boards and keelson.

Lines [Hull lines]. Frames: a an example of double framing�a square frame of an early-nineteenth-century merchant ship; b two additional commonly used frame timber joints; c room and space of a popular framing plan; d some vessels were framed with a pair of overlapping floor timbers having arms of unequal length, resulting in an even number of timbers in each frame; e lower side view of the framing Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Construction Frame On Words Boat Plank plan of a large warship, where a pair of single frames called filling frames were set between double frames; futtocks, marked F, are shown by number; in such an arrangement, the room and space included the filling frames; and f bevels and chamfers.

Lining Fig. The common ceiling of the orlop, berthing, and gun decks of ships, set between the spirketting and the clamps. The lining was frequently called quickwork , a term more commonly used in British documents. The upper horizontal timber framing a gunport, large square light, or gallery door. Load line. In some cases the term load line denoted full-load draft. See Draft marks. Locked pintle. A pintle that was flanged or keyed in order to prevent the rudder from accidentally unshipping.

Lodging knee [Lodge knee] Figs. A horizontal, angular timber used to reinforce two perpendicular beams or the junction of a beam and the side of Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words the hull. Another term for the stock of a quarter rudder. Also, the stock, or pole piece, of an oar or sweep. A term used frequently to describe the caulking of lapstrake clinker-built hulls. In most cases, animal hair, wool, or moss was soaked in pitch or resin and laid in a luting cove , which was cut in the lower inside surface of the overlapping plank.

Luting generally refers to caulking inserted between two hull members before they were assembled, as opposed to driven caulking see Caulk.

The term is also applied to any plastic material used between two adjacent members. In shipbuilding, the adjective applied to the most important timbers, or those having the greatest cross-sectional area; thus, on ancient vessels the main wale was usually the lowest and largest, while on later warships it was the one below the gunports; also, main breadth, main hatch, main Words Plank Boat On Construction Frame Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words hold, main keelson, etc.

Main frame. A term sometimes applied to frames composed of two rows of futtocks to distinguish them from filling frames, the single-rowed frames placed between them; it applies to larger vessels of the last few centuries.

The term was also used infrequently to denote the midship frame. Main piece Fig. The longest and largest timber in the knee of the head. Also, a term sometimes applied to the main vertical timber, or stock, of a rudder Fig. Mallet Fig. A large hammer with a short handle and a cylindrical wooden head, sometimes hooped with iron to prevent it from splitting, used for caulking caulking mallet and general shipwrightery.

The heaviest mallets were also called beetles. A small compartment, located just inside the hawse hole, whose after bulkhead called a manger board diverted water entering the hawse hole into the limbers.

Mast carlings Fig. Fore-and-aft beams Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words that helped support a mast where it pierced a deck; also called mast partners. See Partners. Bow construction: a top view of port frames; b deck hook; c breast hook and hawse hole; and d one of many arrangements used for assembling the knee of the head.

See Partners and Mast carlings. Mast step Figs. A mortise cut into the top of a keelson or large floor timber, or a mortised wooden block or assembly of blocks mounted on the floor timbers or keelson, into which the tenoned heel of a mast was seated. Various types of mast steps are shown in Figure G Maul Fig. A heavy wood or iron hammer, primarily used to drive large bolts. Stern construction: a stern framing of an eighteenth-century brig; b partial side view of the same stern near the post; c partial top view of the same stern; d lower Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank Construction Boat On Frame Words Words Construction Plank On Frame Boat Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words stern framing of a galleon; e alternate stern details; and f one form of skeg installation on a small sloop.

A thick plank separating the bottom, or lower ship , of a Viking hull from its sides. Either rectangular or L-shaped in cross-section, p. The intersection of a vertical line drawn through the center of gravity of a vessel when it is stable with a vertical line drawn through its center of buoyancy when the vessel is heeled.

Midship [Midships]. A contraction of amidships and consequently, in a general sense, it refers to the middle of the ship. In construction, however, it is often used as an adjective referring to the broadest part of the hull, wherever it may be. Midship beam Fig. The longest beam in a vessel, located at or near the midship bend.

Midship bend Fig. The broadest part of the hull; the widest body shape, formed Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Words Construction On Boat Frame Plank On Frame Plank Boat Construction Words Frame On Plank Construction Words Boat Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words by the centerline of the midship frame. Midship flat [Midship body, Midsection, Midship section]. The extent of the broadest part of the hull, formed by the midship frame and all adjacent frames of the same breadth.

Midship frame Fig. The broadest frame in the hull; the frame representing the midship shape on the body plan. Arrangements likely to be encountered on shipwrecks: a crutches brace the foremast step on the Revolutionary War privateer Defence ; b a mainmast step of the type used on very large eighteenth-century warships; c one of a variety of methods for stepping a mizzenmast; d bowsprits of smaller vessels were sometimes stepped above deck in a broad sampson post as illustrated, or between pairs of riding bitts just below deck; e the bowsprit of a large eighteenth-century warship; and f an athwartships view of the forward surface of the same step, showing its two-piece Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Frame Boat On Plank Construction Words construction.

Two bend molds and a hollow mold are fitted together to form a compound mold or half of a square frame. Individual molds, probably representing futtocks of frame M, are numbered in Roman numerals.

Redrawn from old notebook sketches. Mold [Mould] Fig. A pattern used to determine the shapes of frames and other compass timbers. Molds were usually made from thin, flexible pieces of wood. Convex molds were called bend molds , concave molds were p. The degree of bevel and other pertinent information was written on the molds.

The process of shaping outer frame surfaces with molds was known as beveling. Figure G illustrates several types of molds. See also Whole molding. Molded [Molded dimension]. The various dimensions of timbers as seen from the sheer and body views of construction plans; the dimensions determined by the molds. Thus, the vertical surfaces the sides of keels, the fore-and-aft sides Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Frame Words On Construction Plank Boat of the posts, the vertical or athwartships surfaces of frames, etc. Normally, timbers are expressed in sided and molded dimensions, while planks and wales are listed in thicknesses and widths.

Molded and sided dimensions are used because of the changing orientation of timbers, such as p. Molded depth. The depth of a hull, measured between the top of the upper deck beams at the side and a line parallel to the top of the keel.

Mold loft. A protected area or building in a shipyard where the hull lines, from which the molds were produced, were drawn full size on a specially prepared flat surface. Mortise Fig. A cavity cut into a timber to receive a tenon. Large mortises were sometimes referred to as steps. Mortise-and-tenon joint Fig. A union of planks or timbers by which a projecting piece tenon was fitted into one or more cavities mortises Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words of corresponding size. The most common types are:.

Fixed tenon and single mortise Fig. A tenon was shaped from the end on one timber and inserted into the mortise of the other. When the tenon of a large vertical timber was left unlocked, as in masts, and sternposts, it was said to be stepped.

Free tenon and two mortises Fig. The most common method of edge-joining planking in ancient and early medieval vessels in the Mediterranean area, it also was used to secure adjoining surfaces of parallel timbers, such as stems and floor timber chocks. Corresponding mortises were cut into each planking edge; a single hardwood tenon was inserted into the lower plank and the adjacent plank fitted over the protruding tenon.

In many instances, the joint was locked by driving tapered hardwood pegs into holes drilled near each strake or timber edge. Free tenon and three or more Words Boat Construction Plank On Frame Construction Plank Words On Boat Frame Words On Construction Plank Boat Frame Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Boat Frame Construction Words Plank On mortises Fig. Used in superstructure fabrications or places where hull planking was too narrow to provide sufficient seating for the desired tenon length. Although small planking joints whose tenons are unpegged and contribute no structural strength are essentially coak joints , the term mortise-and-tenon joint has become universally accepted for all such forms of edge joinery.

Mortising chisel Fig. A specialized chisel used for shaping narrow mortises. Narrowing line. A curved line on the halfbreadth drawing of a hull, designating the curve of maximum breadth or the ends of the floor timbers throughout the length of the hull. The former was called the maximum breadth line ; the latter was known as the breadth of floor line. Nib [Nibbing end] Fig. The practice of squaring the ends of deck planks where they terminated at the sides of the hull to avoid fine angles and subsequent splitting and distortion.

Mortise-and-tenon joints: Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words a fixed tenon and single mortise; b free tenon and two mortises; c free tenon and three mortises; and d patch tenon and two mortises.

Nibbing strake [Margin plank] Fig. A plank running adjacent to the waterways in the ends of a vessel, into which the nibbed ends of deck planks p. English documents most frequently referred to this timber as a margin plank; American contracts more commonly called it a nibbing strake. Oakum [Oakham]. Caulking material made from rope junk, old rope, and rope scraps; it was unwound, picked apart, and the fibers were rolled and soaked in pitch before being driven into planking seams.

See also Sweep port. Orlop deck Fig. The lowest deck of a large ship. Outer stem. A name sometimes given to the main stempost or to the forward layer of timbers in a double-layered stem. Packing piece Fig. A short piece of timber Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words used to fill open areas between structural timbers; used most frequently at the sides between deck beams or lodging knees.

To surround or enclose with strips of flexible material, as in the reinforcement of caulked planking seams usually lead strips or between ropes and their servings usually strips of canvas. Partners Fig. The timbers surrounding the deck openings for masts, pumps, bitts, and capstans; their primary purpose was to strengthen the deck around the opening and counteract strain. Partners were also used on occasion to steady masts on undecked vessels. Patch tenon Fig. In ancient vessels, a headed tenon inserted from the exterior or interior surface of a plank.

Patch tenons were normally used in the replacement of rotten or damaged planking. The name comes from their installed appearance as square patches in the sides of hulls. To coat; to cover a hull bottom with a protective layer Frame On Plank Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words of pitch, resin, sulphur, etc.

The upper portions of the narrow ends of a vessel; cited individually in some documents as forepeak and afterpeak. Also, a term used to designate the tip of an anchor palm. Peg [Tenon peg] Fig. A tapered wooden pin driven into a pre-drilled hole to fasten two members or lock a joint. Pegs came in a variety of sizes and tapers; they could have square, round, or multi-sided cross sections. The important difference between dowels and pegs in ancient construction was that the former were of constant diameter and lightly set, while the latter were tapered and driven with appreciable force.

The most common use of pegs in ancient construction was the locking of mortise-and-tenon joints. Pillar Fig. Large vertical stanchion, usually turned or dressed for aesthetic reasons, used to support deck beams or reinforce potentially weak areas. By the seventeenth century, pairs of Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words On Construction Words Boat Frame Plank Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words pillars, called cross pillars, were set diagonally across the hull to provide transverse strength.

Pin rail. A long rack, usually attached to the inside of bulwarks, for holding belaying pins; a short pin rail was called a pin rack. Steering devices: a a Mediterranean balanced quarter-rudder system, ca.

Pintle Fig. A vertical pin at the forward edge of a stern-hung rudder that fit into a gudgeon on the sternpost to form a hinge. On most vessels, p. Pitch [Tar]. A dark, sticky substance used in caulking seams or spread over the inner or outer surfaces of hulls as waterproofing and protection against some forms of marine life.

Pitches were variously derived from the resins of certain evergreen trees; from bitumens, such as mineral pitches; or from the distillation of coal tar, wood tar, etc. Planking Fig. The outer lining, or shell, of a hull. Planking strake [Strake, Streake]. A Plank On Frame Boat Construction WordPlank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words s continuous line of planks, usually running from bow to stern; the sum of a row of planks. Planksheer [Sheer plank] Fig. The strake that described the sheer line of a vessel, attached to the toptimbers from stem to stern at the level of the p.

Also, in various times and places, the name given to the uppermost continuous strake of side planking or the upper edge of the uppermost strake. In later English documents, a sheer rail or one of the drift rails. Plate knee [Plate] Fig. A knee made from iron plate. Normally superimposed over a timber or wooden chock, iron knees were introduced in the latter part of the eighteenth century.

Plug treenail. A piece of straight-grained wood through which metal fastenings were driven. In some cases, pilot holes are said to have been pre-bored through their lengths.

They were not driven into the holes of Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words the planks, but fit rather loosely and expanded tightly when the nails were driven through them. Plug treenails were commonly used on the exterior hull surfaces of ancient ships to prevent leakage and splitting of the planks around the fastenings. Pump well [Sump] Fig.

The cavity or compartment in the bottom of a hull, usually near amidships, where bilgewater collected and from which it was pumped out or bailed. Wells ranged from simple sumps between frames to watertight compartments extending the full height of the hold. Quickwork Fig. The common ceiling of the orlop, berthing, and upper decks as well as the gundeck. It was so named because it did not require caulking or precision joinery and therefore could be erected comparatively quickly.

See also Lining. Rabbet Figs. A groove or cut made in a piece of timber in such a way that the edges of another piece Construction Plank On Words Boat Frame Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words could be fit into it to make a tight joint. Generally, the term refers to the grooves cut into the sides of the keel, stem, and sternpost, into which the garboards and hooding ends of the outer planking were seated. Rabbet plane Fig. A plane used in smoothing rabbets. Rag bolt Fig. A bolt whose shaft was barbed to prevent it from working out of its hole.

The inclination of the stem and sternpost beyond the ends of the keel; also, the inclination of the masts from the perpendicular. A strong projection on the bow of an ancient warship, usually sheathed in metal, used as a weapon to strike another vessel. Specifically, the ram p. Rams were also used, with little success, on iron warships after the middle of the nineteenth century.

Ram bow. Any bow with a projecting forefoot or ram. Ram bows sometimes served non-military functions: a Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words On Boat Frame Plank Words Construction means of reinforcing the bow construction externally, a method of lengthening the waterline to improve lateral resistance and maneuverability, or a decoration or symbol. Ramming timber. The main timber of an ancient ram, projecting forward from its envelope of bow planks and timbers to reinforce the head of the ram.

Reaming beetle [Reeming beetle] Fig. The heaviest caulking mallet, used with a reaming iron for opening seams so that caulking could be driven into them. Reaming iron [Reeming iron] Fig. An iron chisel used for opening planking seams for caulking. A small transverse member, often flexible and composed of one or several pieces, that stiffened the outer skin of a hull.

Ribband carvel. The designation for a carvel-planked hull whose seams were covered with battens, or ribbands, to prevent the caulking from working out.

Ribbands [Ribbons, Battens]. Long, flexible strips of wood most commonly used as temporary keepers Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Boat Words Plank On Frame Construction Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank Boat Frame On Words Construction Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words by nailing them across the outside of standing frames while the vessel was being built.

When the term framed on ribbands was popular in the last few centuries of wooden shipbuilding, the ribbands were sometimes carefully arranged to represent certain rising and narrowing lines, from which planking and intermediate frame shapes were derived. Rider [Rider frame] Fig. An internal frame seated atop the ceiling, to which it was fastened; riders could be single pieces, but more often they were complete frames composed of floor timbers, futtocks, and top timbers.

Installed either transversely or diagonally, they provided extra stiffening. Rider keel Fig. One or more additional keels bolted to the bottom of the main keel to increase its strength. Rider keelson Fig. An additional keelson, or one of several additional keelsons, bolted to the top of the main keelson of a large ship. In some documents, it was called a Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words False keelson. See also Keelson. Riding bitts Fig. Strong, upright timbers in the bow of a ship, to which the anchor cables and hawsers were secured.

A claw-like tool used for removing old copper or wooden sheathing. Rising line Fig. A curved line on the sheer drawing of a ship, designating the outer ends of the floor timbers or the height of maximum breadth throughout the length of the hull. The former line was called the rise of floor line or the floor head line ; the latter was known as the height of breadth line.

See also Narrowing lines. Rising wood [Deadwood, Hog] Figs. Timbers fastened to the top of the keel and notched into the bottom of the floor timbers to better secure those members to each other and give the proper rising to the floor timbers.

Rising wood was located between the apron or forward deadwood Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words and the after deadwood, and was sometimes referred to as the central or keel deadwood. Rockered keel. A keel that is curved longitudinally so that it is deeper at its middle than at its ends. The term also refers to keels that are molded to a greater dimension amidships than at their ends.

Rocker should not be confused with sag , which is an accidental rocker. Room and space Fig. The distance from a molded edge of one frame to the corresponding point on an adjoining frame, usually measured at or near the keelson. The part occupied by the frame is called the room , while the unoccupied distance between it and the adjacent frame is called the space. On large ships of the last few centuries, where filling frames were placed between double frames, the term applied to the distance between the molded edge of one double frame to Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words the corresponding point on the next double frame.

Because of the uneven Siding of forward frame faces, irregular spacing, and varying methods of fabrication, room and space is often a meaningless term in ancient hull documentation. A more definitive designation for ancient ships is average frame spacing , the average of distances between frame centerlines at a common appropriate location, taken throughout the hull or hold.

Rove [Roove] Fig. A small metal washer, used in clinker-built hulls, over which nail or rivet ends are flattened to lock the fastening. The term was also applied to washers used in bolting scarfs, floor timbers, etc. Roving iron Fig. An iron, hollow-ended tool used to drive roves over the ends of nails and bolts before clenching. Rudder Fig. A timber, or assembly of timbers, that could be rotated about an axis to control the direction of a vessel underway.

Until the middle of Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words the medieval period, the practice was to mount rudders on one or both stern quarters; these were known as quarter rudders. By the late medieval period, however, it appears that most vessels of appreciable size were steered by a single rudder hung at the sternpost; these were known as stern-hung rudders. For a brief period, the two types were sometimes used in combination.

Rudders were designed for the vessel and type of duty they p. In protected waters they could be made quite broad, while seagoing ships utilized longer, more narrow rudders. For the largest seagoing ships, rudder construction was complex and required huge timbers, the assembly sometimes weighing several tons. Rudder blade Fig. The flat part of the rudder that diverts the water. Rudder breeching. A strong rope with one end attached to the rudder and the other inside the stern, used to relieve some of the Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words weight on the gudgeons.

Rudder chains. Chains or ropes attached to each side of the rudder and to the stern, used to prevent the loss of a rudder if it accidentally became unshipped. Rudder head Fig. The upper part of the rudder stock. Rudder hole Fig. An opening in the stern through which the rudder stock passed. Rudder post. A term infrequently used to describe either the outer sternpost or the rudder stock.

Rudder sheath Fig. A wooden or metal protective covering placed over the leading edge of a quarter rudder blade. Rudder stock Fig. A strong vertical piece to which the tiller was fitted; on large, post-medieval vessels it was the main vertical timber of the rudder, and it was also known as the mainpiece. Rudder trunk. A housing for the rudder stock, usually extending from the counter to the steering deck.

Sag [Sagging]. The accidental rocker formed Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Frame Construction Words Plank Boat On Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words in a keel and bottom due to insufficient timbering or improper loading. Scarf [Scarph]. An overlapping joint used to connect two timbers or planks without increasing their dimensions. Figure G illustrates various scarfs used throughout shipbuilding history. Scupper Fig. A small opening, usually covered with a lid, in the side or deck for utilitarian purposes, such as a ballast port. The longitudinal joint between two timbers or planks; the term usually refers to planking seams, the longitudinal juxtaposition of the edges of planks in the sides or decks, which were made watertight.

A longitudinal crack or distortion in a timber, caused by sun, weather, or improper curing. Cracks occurring during curing are also referred to as checks. A thin covering of metal or wood, to protect hulls from marine life or fouling, or to stabilize and protect surface material applied for that purpose. Sheathing was most commonly used Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Words Plank Boat On Frame Construction Words Frame Plank Boat Construction On Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words in the form of copper, lead, zinc, or alloy sheets, or thin wooden planks known as furring or deals. G-9c and G-9d. A small nail or tack used to attach sheathing to a hull.

Sheer line. Specifically, the line of the upper or main deck where it meets the side, but the term is often used to describe the sweep of the bulwarks or weather rail. Shelf wale. On ancient and early medieval ships, a thick strake of external planking that supported through-beams and other timbers penetrating the outer planking. Shell-first construction [Shell-built]. A modern sometimes misleading term used to describe the process by which all or part of the outer hull planking was erected before frames were attached to it.

In pure shell-built hulls, outer planking was self-supporting and formed the primary structure; the framework fastened to it formed the secondary, or stiffening, structure. The act of arranging Boat Plank Construction Frame On Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words butts and scarfs so that adjacent joints are not in vertical alignment, thereby avoiding possible hull weaknesses.

A thin piece of wood used to fill a separation between two timbers or a frame and a plank. A master craftsman skilled in the construction and repair of ships. Probably in many more areas and periods than have been documented, the term designated a formal title, such as the shipwrights to the English monarchs, or a level of expertise qualifying admission to a guild or association. Shoe Figs. A term variously applied to the cover for an anchor fluke or a protecting piece at the bottom of a keel or rudder.

See Anchor and False keel. Shole [Sole, Shoe] Fig. A horizontal piece of wood or metal fixed along the bottom of a rudder to protect the lower ends of the vertical rudder pieces and align the bottom of the Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words rudder with the bottom of the false keel.

A prop or pole used to brace a vessel in an upright position when not afloat or supported by a cradle. Shot locker Fig. A small compartment, usually located near the foot of the mainmast, where round shot was stored.

Described variously as the part of a hull above the waterline or the part above the turn of the bilge. Sided [Sided dimension]. The dimension of an unmolded surface; the distance across an outer frame surface, the forward or after surface of a p. See Molded for further information on timber dimensions.

Side timbers. In ancient and medieval vessels, one of a series of intermediate framing timbers inserted to provide stiffness along the line of wales. See also intermediate timbers. Sill Fig. The lower horizontal timber framing a gunport, large square light, or gallery door. Sintel [Batten clamp]. A curved metal Plank Construction Boat Words On Frame Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words fastening resembling a staple, used to attach caulking battens to planking. Skeg Figs.

Ge and Gf. A triangular piece, resembling external deadwood placed above the after end of the keel; used to reinforce the sternpost and improve sailing qualities of small craft and flat-bottomed vessels. Alternately, the angular after end of the keel, or an extension of the keel, on which the rudder post was mounted or which was used to protect the forward edge of the rudder.

Skeletal construction [Frame-first construction]. A modern sometimes misleading term used to describe the procedure in which hulls were constructed by first erecting frames and then attaching the outer skin of planking to them.

A seventeenth-century term for thick ceiling; a bilge stringer or footwale. In eighteenth-century English documents, a transom knee. Spirketting Fig. Thick interior planks running between the waterways and the lining or quickwork. Stanchion Fig. An upright supporting Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words post, including undecorated supports for deck beams and bulkheads.

Standing knee [Standard] Figs. G-7e and 5� A knee mounted on a deck with its vertical arm pointed upward; most commonly used to reinforce the junction of the deck and side. Staple Figs. A metal rod or bar whose sharpened ends were bent at right angles, used to fasten false keels to keels or to secure planking seams that tended to separate. Staples were used from the classical period to the present century.

The projections on a lines drawing that represent the various body shapes of a hull. Stealer Fig. A short plank inserted between two strakes of planking so that the regular strakes did not have to be made too wide; usually located at the bow or stern ends of bottom or lower side strakes.

Steering gear Fig. The mechanism, consisting of chains, ropes, blocks, etc. In more general On Plank Frame Words Boat Construction Plank Construction On Boat Frame Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words terms, the various components composing any steering mechanism. Steering oar. An oar used to steer a small vessel, either from the side or the stern. A steering oar should not be confused with a quarter rudder , which is the device commonly used to steer ancient vessels and is permanently mounted and turns about a fixed axis.

Stem [Stempost] Fig. A vertical or upward curving timber or assembly of timbers, scarfed to the keel or central plank at its lower end, into which the two sides of the bow were joined. Stem head Fig. The upper end of the stem. Stemson Fig. A curved timber mounted on the inner surface of the apron; usually, the forward and upward extension of the keelson.

Stern framing Fig. The assembly of timbers consisting of the sternpost, transoms, and fashion pieces. Stern knee Fig.

An angular timber that reinforced the joint between the Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words keel�or lower deadwoods�and the sternpost or inner sternpost. Also known as the knee of the post. Sternpost Figs. Ga , b, d. A vertical or upward-curving timber or assembly of timbers stepped into, or scarfed to, the after end of the keel or heel. Sternson Fig. A curved timber joining the keelson and inner sternpost; usually an extension of the keelson and was mounted on top of the deadwood.

Sternson knee. A knee fitted atop or abaft the sternson to reinforce the upper part of the sternpost. Stopwater Fig. A wooden dowel inserted athwartships in the scarf seams of external timbers to prevent shifting of the joint or to discourage water seepage along the seams.

Stringer [Longitudinal]. A general term describing the longitudinal timbers fixed to the inside surfaces of the frames; the ceiling, other than the common ceiling. An opening in the bulwarks to accommodate a sweep large oar. A Plank On Frame Boat Construction WordPlank On Frame Boat Construction Words s timber assembly or housing that supported a mast or post at deck level.

A common support for a hinged mast. Taffrail [Tafferal] Figs. Variously, the upper part of Diy Fiberglass Boat Construction Amount the stern or the rail on top of the stern. Tenon Figs. Ge and G A wooden projection cut from the end of a timber or a separate wooden piece that was shaped to fit into a corresponding mortise.

See Mortise-and-tenon joint. A term used to denote vessels whose planking edges were joined by means of mortise-and-tenon joints. Thick stuff Fig. A term referring to the thick ceiling of the bottom. Thole [Tholepin]. A pin, or one of a pair of pins, set vertically in the gunwale to serve as the fulcrum for an oar.

Through-beam Fig. An athwartships timber that extended through and beyond the outer hull planking. Through-beams were most common on ancient and medieval hulls, where Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Frame Plank Words On Construction Boat Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Boat Words On Construction Plank Frame Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words they supported the quarter rudders or provided athwartships stiffness to the upper part of the hull.

A transverse plank in a boat or galley; used to seat rowers, support masts, or provide lateral stiffness. Tiller Fig. A wooden or metal level fitted into the rudder head, by which the rudder could be moved from side to side.

Timber head Fig. The upper extremity of a hull timber. Timber heel Fig. The lower extremity of a hull timber. In general context, all wooden hull members; specifically, those members that formed the frames of a hull. Top and butt Fig.

A method of planking whereby one edge of the planks were straight while their opposite sides had two sloping edges of unequal length, reducing the plank widths to half. It was used to increase longitudinal strength and to prevent shifting of wales and other stress-bearing planks.

Top timber Fig. The uppermost Frame Words Construction Plank On Boat Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words member of a frame. Transom Figs. One of the athwartship members, fixed to the sternpost, that shaped and strengthened the stern. Transom knee Fig. An angular, horizontal reinforcing timber bolted to a transom and the side. Treenail [Trunnel, Trennal] Figs. G-9o and G-9p.

A round or multi-sided piece of hardwood, driven through planks and timbers to connect them. Treenails were employed most frequently in attaching planking to frames, attaching knees to ceiling or beams, and in the scarfing of timbers. They were used in a variety of forms: with expanding wedges or nails in their ends, with tapered or square heads on their exterior ends, or completely unwedged and unheaded.

When immersed, treenails swelled to make a tight fit. The place where the ends of the bottom planks terminated under the stern or counter. When planks ended in a convex curvature, a vessel was said to have a Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Frame Words Construction On Boat Plank Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words round tuck; when the stern and counter lay perpendicular to the posts, the vessel was said to have a square tuck.

Tumblehome [Fall home] Fig. Tumblehome reduced topside weight and improved stability. Turn of the bilge. The outboard part of the lower hull where the bottom curved toward the side. Upper deck Fig. The highest deck extending unbroken from bow to stern. A thick strake of planking, or a belt of thick planking strakes, located along the side of a vessel for the purpose of girding and stiffening the outer hull. Wart [Boss]. Waterlines [Level lines]. Lines on a hull drawing representing the horizontal sections of the hull.

Waterway Fig. A timber or gutter along the side of a deck whose purpose was to prevent the deck water from running down between the frames and to divert it to the scuppers. Wheel [Steering wheel] Fig. A vertical steering device, Words Construction Plank Frame On Boat Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Construction Frame On Plank Boat Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Words Construction Plank Frame On Boat fixed to a deck and linked to the tiller by ropes, chains, or gear. Whipstaff Fig. A vertical steering lever that preceded the wheel; it was connected to the tiller by a toggle arrangement, and it was mounted in a bearing on the deck above the tiller.

Whole molding. A process to determine the transverse shapes of hulls by means of one or more standard molds, which were shifted as necessary to produce fair shapes without the use of compasses and complex drafting methods. The process was not as precise as determining individual hull shapes from lines drawings or with compasses and scales, and it was usually limited to the production of small craft after the seventeenth or early eighteenth century.

Windlass Fig. A horizontal cylinder, supported by bitts or brackets, used to haul anchors and hawsers. Wing transom Figs. Ga , c, d. The major transom, mounted on Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words On Boat Plank Frame Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words the inner sternpost, which formed the foundation for the counter and stern. A flexible twig or root, most frequently worked by hammering to make it more pliable, used for binding the seams of planks and timbers.

Wronghead [Runghead] Fig. The head, or extremity, of a floor timber. Rosloff, Jay P. A one-armed anchor of c. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 20 3 : � Find this resource:. Stevens, John R. An account of the construction, and embellishment of old time ships. Toronto: John R. Ucelli, Guido. Le navi de Nemi. Here is a list of tools I find helpful in all of my model building Not every tool is needed to build this model. I will tell you what tool I used for making each part at the beginning of each step of these instructions : 1.

Micro Saw Blades Micro Mark 5. Dremel Rotary Tool Micro Mark 6. Helping Hands Frame Plank On Construction Words Boat Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Micro Mark 7. Variable speed scroll saw or Jewelers Saw for cutting out frames - Micro Mark 8.

Swiss style watchmakers tweezers Micro Mark Deluxe pin vise Micro Mark Dimensioned mini-square Micro Mark Steel machinist square Micro Mark Angled high precision micro shear Micro Mark Tweezer nose pliers Micro Mark Mid size file set Micro Mark Sand It Micro Mark Micro drill bit set Micro Mark Office clips, small and medium size Pan vise Micro Mark Veneer Calipers for measuring wood thickness Micro Mark Planer or thickness sander There are several items I use regularly in my model building that constantly need replenishing.

So that you will be prepared when the time comes, here is a list of certain supplies you will find yourself using routinely: 1. Weldbond White Glue 2. Toothpicks for mixing epoxy Rubbing Alcohol for ungluing Weldbod if you make a mistake Single edge razor Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Frame Words Boat On Plank Construction Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words blades for making moldings Other items may be needed as we progress and I will try and give some advance notice of these items when they come up.

Before I begin with the actual instructions for building this model, I'd like to go over the process I use to mill wood for a model ship. Any serious model ship builder will have these tools in his workshop. Tools Needed: 10" table saw or 14" band saw with resaw blade Planer or thickness sander Byrnes miniature table saw with. Most of the wood purchased from Gilmer Wood comes in small boards that are 2" to 4" wide and 1" to 2" thick.

As an example, let's say that you need billets to make frames for this model. They must be 24" long and 1" wide. The extra thickness is needed so that the finished billets will be smooth Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words on both sides, without saw blade teeth marks. I use veneer calipers to measure my billets. Then cut them to length, 24" in this example. For smaller pieces of wood needed to make various parts on the model, I first mill a billet that is the required thickness of the part I want to make.

For example, the hatches on this model are. Then I would run the billet through a planer until the thickness had been reduced to. From that billet, I can now use my miniature Byrnes table saw to rip strips that are. It's the same process you might use to cut large boards down to smaller boards to make a piece of furniture.

The only difference is that you are working with much smaller dimensions so you need a much smaller saw to cut such pieces without tearing the wood up. The Byrnes Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words miniature table saw was designed for model ship builders precisely for this purpose. The various PDF files that you downloaded are used as templates to make the various parts of the model.

Whenever I say to use a particular drawing as a template to make a particular part, you should print an extra copy of that drawing so that you still have the original for reference. Some part templates are cut out from a particular drawing. For example, in this step, the keel template is cut out from the Side View drawing. Because a model ship often uses wood that must be milled to very small dimensions, all fractional measurements given in these instructions will be in thousandths of an inch.

Wood needed for this step: 1 17" x. We'll begin construction of our model with the keel. Start with your keel piece that is 17" x. At Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words the fore end, a scarf joint is cut. The first photo in this step shows this scarf joint. Use the drawing s with the file name "Frame Plan 1.

When I say to use a drawing as a template, I mean that you must cement the drawing to the wood using rubber cement. After cementing the template to your keel wood strip, cut the strip to the precise length using the template and your Byrnes miniature table saw.

You will notice that the aft end is cut at a slight angle. You can use your miniature table saw to cut this angle by setting the cross cut slide to match the angle in relationship with the blade. Making small parts for a model ship is no different than making large parts for a piece of furniture. Other than the tool used, the process is the same. The scarf Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words joint can be cut on your Byrnes saw also. I like to use a blade with a thickness of.

Once the blade is set to the right height, set the cross slide to 90 degrees to make a cut across the top of the wood strip. You want to align the edge of the blade with the edge of the joint. After making the first cut, set the blade to a height of. With these two cuts made, you can complete the joint using your Xacto knife with the 10 or 22 blade. Refer to the first photo in this step to see and understand the exact shape needed for the scarf joint. Before removing the keel template from the wood strip, you must also cut the sternpost joint at the aft end.

This joint is. It is best to use your Xacto to cut this joint due to Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words the angle of the joint. The Byrnes saw blade cannot be tilted so cutting the two sides of the joint can only be done with hand tools. After cutting the joint out, you can remove the paper template. Be sure to rub all of the rubber cement off with your finger as well. The next step is to cut the rabbet joint in the keel.

The rabbet joint was common on all wooden ships. It is a "V" shaped groove that runs the length of the keel and helps to make a water tight seal where the planking meets the keel. You can see a pencil line across the keel which will be the top of the rabbet joint.

This line is. The "V" groove will be cut from the top of the keel to this line. It is. This means that the center of the joint is.Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words

If you haven't already done so, remove the template since it is no longer needed. Make sure you rub off all of the rubber cement with your finger.

Then draw a line across your keel exactly. Now, using your Xacto with the 10 or 22 blade, cut from the line at an angle to a point in the center of the line and top of the keel. Short cuts from the line upwards and from the top of the keel downwards are used. The 2nd photo shows the cutting of the rabbet joint using a hobby knife. Take your time, and try to keep the "V" groove straight and consistent in shape and depth.

You may want to practice first on some scrap wood. The rabbet joint extends to the point where the aft side of frame 23 sits. Stop cutting the rabbet joint at that point. Of Boat Construction Frame On Words PlaWords Frame On Construction Plank Boat Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words nk course, you will have to cut the joint on both sides of the keel. In the 3rd photo, folded sandpaper is used to clean up the rabbet joint and the 4th photo shows the completed rabbet joint. In that photo, the rising wood has been added. This is the strip of wood that is 15" x. You want to cut this piece to length first so that it matches the Side View drawing.

Notice that it stops at the fore side of the sternpost and is cut at an angle to match the angle of the stern post. The fore end starts at the scarf joint. Your keel should now look like the 4th and 5th photos in this step. Now you will add the frame spacer pieces. You will need the piece of wood stock that is 15" x. Each piece is the cut to the exact Boat Words Plank On Construction Frame Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words On Frame Words Plank Construction Boat Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words same length,. Making a series of pieces the exact same length on the Byrnes saw is not as difficult as it may sound.

First, take a piece of wood of any thickness and about 2" long. Using an office clip, clamp it to the blade side of the fence. The tip of the wood piece should be positioned at about the middle of the blade Next, move the fence so that it is exactly.

Once you've set the fence, all you have to do is use your cross slide to make slices of the wood strip. Slide the wood strip up against the clamped scrap on the fence and make the cut. Each piece will be exactly the same length. You will need 21 of these pieces.

After cutting these spacers, lay your keel over the Frame Plan drawing and mark the location of each spacer, then Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words glue each one on at the marks you made. In the 6th photo, you can see how the rising wood relates to the rabbet joint and how the frames sit on top of it. To keep the frames spaced properly, these spacers lock each frame in position.

The 7th photo in this step shows the keel after gluing these frame spacers to the top of the rising wood. The eighth photo shows how a frame is held snugly to the keel using these frame separation pieces. This completes the construction of the keel. In the next step, you will make the stem and fore deadwood. You will remember from the previous step that there was a scarf joint at the fore end of the keel.

Now you will make the stem which has a corresponding joint where the two parts are joined. The fore deadwood sits on the keel Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank Words Construction Boat On Frame Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words and inside edge of the stem. The curved line that this joint forms is the forward stem portion of the rabbet joint. The 1st photo shows these two parts. Wood needed for this step: 1 6" x 3" x.

The template for making the stem is the file "Stem and Stern Deadwood. First cut out the template using scissors. Then rubber cement it to your wood.

Use a scroll saw to cut the part out. There is a disadvantage to using a single part though. It makes cutting the rabbet joint much more difficult. That is why I recommend cutting the two individual parts out rather than cutting one complete part of the two. Cut them out on the scroll saw. You want to test fit the scarf joint of the stem with the scarf joint of your keel.

If you were careful in cutting the stem with Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Frame Plank Words Construction Boat On Words Construction Frame Plank Boat On its joint on the scroll saw, the fit should be pretty close. You can use your Xacto and 10 or 22 blade to make small adjustments. The 2nd photo shows the stem mated to the keel using the scarf joint. You will notice that when the stem is mated to the keel. You want to continue the rabbet joint up the top edge of the stem, but the shape changes from a "V" to a "U" channel as shown in the 3rd photo.

Again, use your Xacto to make this cut, and be sure to make it on both sides before you glue the stem to the keel. The last step is to glue the fore deadwood to the stem. The aft end of the deadwood should connect to the rising wood. The 4th photo shows what the completed assembly looks like.

You should lay your keel assembly over Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words On Frame Plank Construction Words Boat Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words On Boat Plank Words Construction Frame the Frame Plan drawing to be sure that it matches as closely as possible. In the next step you will make and attach the sternpost and stern deadwood to the keel. The final assembly of the keel structure is to add the sternpost as shown in the 1st photo and the stern deadwood as shown in the other photos.

Wood needed for this step: 1 5" x 3" x. The 1st photo shows that the keel is tapered at the stern. This is simple to shape with your Xacto knife and 22 blade. By scraping the surface of the keel on both sides, you can reduce the thickness of the keel at the sternpost. The tapering should begin where frame "23" is located. The sternpost is made from a single piece of wood that is. The piece of wood must first be cut to length, and the lower Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words joint must be cut out.

This can be done with an Xacto. Use the Frame Plan drawing to ensure that the sternpost is set at the proper angle on the keel.

You can rubber cement a template taken from the Frame Plan drawing to the wood so that the joint can be cut and the overall shape of the sternpost can be cut out. You will notice that the sternpost tapers from top to bottom. It also tapers from side to side so that the lower end matches the width of the keel. After shaping the sternpost, glue it to the keel using Weldbond.

Lay the keel assembly over your Frame Plan drawing to make sure that the angle of the sternpost is correct. Leave the assembly alone until the glue has dried. While the glue is drying on your sternpost, cut out the stern deadwood on your scroll Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Words Plank Frame Boat Construction On Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank Frame Words Construction On Boat saw.

Use a template taken from the Frame Plan drawing, and rubber cement it to the piece of wood. It's best to cut the angled lower end first on the Byrnes saw so that you have two straight edges. Then the remainder can be cut on the scroll saw. The deadwood is attached to the keel and sternpost as seen in the 3rd photo. Use Weldbond to glue it. It should be aligned side to side on the keel so that it is centered on the keel.

This extension of the rabbet joint is "L" shaped. You can see a faint pencil line on the keel in the 3rd photo where the rabbet joint needs to be extended. This can be done with your Xacto knife. Next, you need to taper the stern deadwood in the corner where it meets the sternpost. If you look at the Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Frame Construction Boat Words Plank On 3rd photo which shows a "before" shot of the stern deadwood, and look at the 5th photo, you will see how the deadwood has been shaped with a hobby knife so that the aft corner area is recessed.

This is necessary so that if planking were applied to the lower hull, it would be flush with the sternpost where the planks lay across the deadwood.

You can make a template of the curved area that is tapered by tracing the bottom of frames 25 through 28 shown on the Frame Plan drawing. The frames will attach to the side of the deadwood later on, so the deadwood must be flat and perpendicular to the keel in the area where the frames attach.

However, the area below the frames should be tapered so that the recessed lip formed by the deadwood is the same width from end to end. This Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Boat Construction Frame On Plank Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Boat Words Frame Plank Construction On Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Words Frame Plank Boat On Construction Construction Frame Words Plank On Boat is all part of the rabbet joint where the planking would lie against the frames and deadwood. If you look at the 5th photo, you can see that the rabbet joint also extends upward across the deadwood where it is attached to the sternpost.

The shape goes from an "L" shape at the corner of the keel and sternpost, to a "U" shape as it extends upward across the deadwood to the top of the sternpost.

The sternpost helps to form the rabbet joint just as the fore deadwood did at the bow. Keep in mind that the purpose of the rabbet joint is to enable the planking to form a water tight seal where it meets the keel, fore deadwood, and stern deadwood. The last photo shows the keel fully assembled. A contrasting piece of wood has been glued to the bottom of the keel serving as Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Construction Words Boat Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words On Construction Frame Boat Words Plank Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words the false keel.

I like to use a contrasting wood for the false keel because it just gives the structure some class. Cant frames are actually half frames. Instead of sitting on top of the keel as the full frames do, cant frames attach to the side of the fore deadwood at the bow and the side of the deadwood at the stern. Wood needed for this step: 22 24" x 1" x. Making the cant frames is not much different than making the full frames. You start with a frame blank that is two layers thick. These layers have two pieces each with staggered joints as shown in the 1st photo.

After the parts are cut out, the layers are glued up separately. Then the 2 layers are glued together as shown in the 2nd photo. And finally, the frame pattern is glued to the frame blank and Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words cut out on the scroll saw. Of course you need a left side and a right side frame as shown in the 3rd and 4th photos. Be sure to number each frame as many of them are similar in shape. The frames are finished in the same manner as before.

You might wonder why I finish the frames now when they have to be sanded later to fair the hull out. I put a finish on my frames before assembly for two reasons.

First, it will be more difficult to apply the finish once the frames are in the building jig because there's only a small space between each frame.

Second, the finish helps in the fairing process by showing any areas that have not been completely sanded. After fairing the sanding and smoothing out of the hull surface , the finish on the surface of the frames Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words is gone and must be reapplied. However, applying the finish to the hull surface is much easier than applying it between each frame.

We're almost ready to start assembling our model. But before we can do that, we need to construct the building jig. As I mentioned earlier, the jig is needed to hold the framework together and in proper alignment. The jig style is commonly referred to as the "Hahn" style jig.

Wood needed for this step: 1 24" x 12" x. Most hobby shops and craft stores sell this plywood made by Midwest. The ZIP file you downloaded includes a drawing of the jig. The center area must be cut out with a scroll saw. The notches in the center of the jig will hold the frames in alignment until the hull has been faired and planked. The notches are cut in the thicker piece of Boat On Frame Words Construction Plank Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Boat Plank On Frame Words Construction plywood first.

Use the drawing with the file name "Building Jig". There are 3 parts to this drawing that you will need to print out. They each have an alignment black line for aligning one with the other.

The 2nd piece, shown in the 1st photo, does not have any notches cut into it, but the center area is still cut and removed. This piece is glued to the underside of the thicker piece and serves as a shelf for the frames to sit on when they are glued into the jig. Use the drawing with the file name "Building Jig Shelf" as a template to cut the center out. The pine or poplar wood strips are used to build a frame around the jig thus providing a good stiff edge that will help to make the jig rigid.

By raising the surface of the jig up off Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words of the work table surface, you won't have to worry about accidentally gluing the jig to the table surface when you start gluing the frames into the notches in the next step of these instructions.

You can use a regular table saw with a finishing blade to cut the plywood in half. The loss of a little bit of wood due to the kerf of the blade will be okay. Just be sure to align the center line of the drawing with one edge of the wood when you cut the center area out on the scroll saw.

The drawing is be rubber cemented to the plywood for cutting on the scroll saw. The drawing is not as wides as the plywood. Cut the drawing down the center line and align the center line with the edge of the plywood. Align the forward end with the forward edge On Boat Construction Plank Words Frame and the aft end with the aft edge. Then you can cut out the center notched area on the scroll saw.

The reason I had you cut the plywood in half was to make it easier to cut the notches. One edge of the plywood is used to align the center line of the jig pattern. After the notches are cut out according to the Jig drawing, the two pieces are butted together and glued. Then cut the center area out on the scroll saw. Be sure to cut on the inside line, that is, the line inside the center line.

The second, parallel line, is merely there for reference. That area outlined by the two lines will form the shelf that the frames will sit on. By sandwiching the two layers of plywood together, you have the completed jig.

You can see how I used small clamps Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Words Construction On Frame Plank Boat to Boat Construction Loan 950 glue the two layers together as well as the jig base parts. The outside edges of the shelf piece will have to be trimmed to fit inside the pine or poplar boards that form the base of the jig. There is one additional set of parts I make for my jigs that clamp the stem of the keel and the sternpost in position over the building jig.

It's simple to make and the photos show how it's made and how it's used. Theses clamps do not get glued however. By design, they are screwed to the jig base so that they can be removed easily later on. Once the keel has been clamped into the jig, it is being held in alignment on the center line by these clamping pieces. These clamping pieces are made from poplar. They are 6" x 6". A 1" tab Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Words On Boat Plank Construction Frame Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Frame Plank Boat On Construction Words at the bottom enables these pieces to be screwed to the base of the jig surface so that they can be removed later on.

You will need the drawings labeled "Keel Clamp Fore. Make two each. Pre drill the holes in the tab so that the wood does not split when you screw them to the jig surface. You will notice that the inside vertical edge is notched. When the two piece are put together, this notch is at the precise height to allow the stem at the fore end and the sternpost at the aft end sit on top of the tab. These clamps hold the keel centered over the building jig so that when the frames are inserted into their respective notches in the jig, the notch in the center of the frame will fit into the notch in the keel.

This is all by design Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words and will enable you to frame the model with assurance that the framework is perpendicular and square to the keel thus producing a very straight and fair model. In the next step, you will add the full frames to the building jig. Now you're ready to start framing your model. This will be a two step process. First all of the full frames will be installed in the jig and glued to the keel.

The second step will be to add the cant frames at the bow and stern and finish the hull by fairing it out with sandpaper. The sequence of photos shows the installation of the frames in the building jig. I like to start by installing the first and last full frames and then fill in the area between them. The reason is that the first and last frame will then provide the support of Boat Words On Frame Plank Construction Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Frame Plank Boat Construction On Words the keel at both ends while the other frames are being added.

The frames are glued into their corresponding jig notches using 5 minute epoxy. The epoxy is also used to glue the frames to the keel.

Now you can see how the bottom of the frames meet the rabbet joint. Imagine how a plank laying across the frames will fit into this joint thus providing a good seal to keep water out. Technically, if you planked the entire hull of this model, it would float in water without leaks, assuming your planks were also sealed with glue on their edges. I used mini-clamps to clamp the frames in the jig until the epoxy dries.

Only mix enough epoxy to glue one or two frames into the jig at a time. It sets up fast so you have to work fast, but once you get the hang of Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Frame Construction On Words Boat Plank Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words On Frame Plank Boat Words Construction Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Construction Boat On Words Plank Frame Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words it you will get into a rhythm.

Since there are only 23 full frames in this model, it can be fully framed easily in a couple of hours. Don't take those clamps off until the glue has set up though. In the next step, the cant frames will be added.

Have fun! As I mentioned earlier, the cant frames are half frames, and they get glued directly to the sides of the fore deadwood at the bow and the deadwood at the stern. They are epoxied into the jig and to the deadwood. Starting at the bow, the first photo shows 2 of the cant frames glued to the side of the deadwood. Notice that the frames sit on an angle.

That means that the foot of the frame has to be beveled at the proper angle for the frame to sit properly in the jig. Fortunately I Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words included this bevel line on the cant frame drawings.

The bevel is trimmed from the line of the top surface, outward to the edge of the bottom surface. I've included photos of the forward most cant frame that clearly shows what the bevel looks like as well as a few more photos showing the cant frames at the bow.

Also,notice that each bow cant frame is butted up against the previous frame installed. You will need to use a 22 Xacto to cut the bevel. You should also scratch the surface of the deadwood with your Xacto to rough it up some and remove some of the finish on it before you epoxy the frame to the deadwood. The bevel in the forward cant frames gets greater and greater until you reach frame 34 which has the bevel across the entire length of the frame.

Any Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Boat On Construction Words Plank Frame Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words portion of the frame that extends into the rabbet joint should be trimmed after the epoxy has set so that the frames produce a smooth and continuous line across the top edge of the rabbet line. The aft cant frames are different than the bow frames in that they do not but up against each other. So a pattern is employed taken from the Frame Plan drawing to mark the location of each frame. The aft cant frames do not have as pronounced of a bevel cut into the foot of the frame either.

The remaining sequence of photos should explain how these frames are glued. Once all of the frames are installed, as shown in the last photo, the clamps at the bow and stern are removed by simply removing the screws. This gives you easy access to the entire hull when faring it out.

But before the Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words On Construction Frame Plank Boat Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words hull can be faired, the stern transom must be framed. We'll cover the process in the next step of these instructions. Framing the stern transom might be the most difficult part of the model to build. The stern transom is the aft end of the ship. On ships of a later time period, the transom became more and more complex. Wood needed for this step: 1 5" x. The 1st photo shows the framed transom. In the 2nd photo you see a piece of wood with some rectangles drawn on it.

This is called the "wing transom", and every ship had one. Use the template with the file name "Wing Transom. The template can be rubber cemented to the piece of wood if you like. It's probably easiest to simply cut the piece to shape using your Xacto and a 22 blade. The rectangles are going Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words On Words Plank Frame Construction Boat Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words to be cut into notches that the transom frames will sit in. The transom frame shape is also on the same template file as the wing transom.

You will need to make 6 of these frames so print out 6 copies of the template and rubber cement each one on the piece of transom frame wood. Cut them out on your scroll saw.

The notches in the wing transom are cut using a hobby knife as shown in the next 3 photos. You can see the depth of these notches. By setting your calipers to this depth, you can mark a line across the aft edge of the wing transom, and cut the notches to the line. The wing transom is installed so that it sits on top of the sternpost. It has a notch cut in the center on the bottom surface. Keep in mind that the Boat On Words Plank Frame Construction Words Plank Boat On Construction Frame Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Construction On Plank Boat Frame Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Boat On Frame Words Construction Plank model is upside down, so even though it looks like the wing transom is under the sternpost, technically the wing transom is sitting on top of the sternpost.

When installing the wing transom, use carpenter's glue to attach it to the sternpost and the aft side of the last cant frame. The angled edge should match the angle of that cant frame. The trick is to be sure that it is level and that a measurement of height on both sides is the same.

This can be seen in photos 5, 6 and 7. In photos 7 through 14, you can see how additional timbers are added below the wing transom based on the ship sitting upright.

Those timbers are called transoms also and act as fillers for the planking to lay against. All ships had these filler timbers. They helped to fill in the lower stern area. Use Construction Words Frame Plank On BPlank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words oat the transom wood strip to cut these pieces out making them slightly wider than the frame as shown in the photos. They are spaced. These pieces butt up against the sternpost and are glued to the post and to the aft side of the last frame in the model.

Photos 7 through 14 show how these timbers are installed and eventually sanded to finish off the lower stern area of the model. Photos 15 through 21 show the transom frames installed. These fit into the notches made earlier in the wing transom. They not only give the aft end of the ship a framework but also serve to frame the windows of the great cabin.

The great cabin, found on most wooden ships of this size or larger, was the Captain's quarters. In later years, it became a pretty elaborate room with all kinds of amenities. The Plank On Frame Boat Construction WoPlank On Frame Boat Construction Words rds spacing of the notches in the top surface of the wing transom is such that the transom frames have the same amount of space between them. The transom frames fit into these notches and sit on top of the surface of the framing jig.

They angle inward slightly and a piece of scrap wood acts as a stop pushing against the outside edges of the frames. Glue the frames to the wing transom but do not glue them to the jig surface.

You can tack glue the scrap piece of wood to the jig surface. Stretching across the transom frames is a horizontal timber. This piece is called the lower counter frame and fits across the knuckle of the transom frames. Make it longer than is needed and then cut off the excess wood after it has been installed. A scale drawing of the stern of the model Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank Boat Words Frame On Construction Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words is provided in your ZIP file which may help in taking measurements for locating parts.

It is called "Aft Drawing. Notches are cut into the counter frame at each transom frame location so that it will fit flush with the outside surface of the transom frames. Corresponding notches were also cut into each transom frame. The area between this timber and the wing transom forms what is called the counter, which is later planked leaving an opening for the rudder. Photos 28, 29 and 30 show the attachment of a second cross timber I call the deck line frame. This cross timber meets the deck clamp that stretches from one end of the deck to the other which will be covered in a later step.

Notice that the deck line frame has a slight curvature to it. It was not bent this way but instead cut from the Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words wood strip. You should refer to the drawing with the file name "Aft Drawing. Then transfer that measurement to your model to mark the location of the timber. To make this timber, first cut the strip of wood to length leaving a slight overhang on each side.

Then shape the curvature in two dimensions as shown in the photo. Notches are cut in it to fit over the transom frames. Corresponding notches are cut into the transom frames using a hobby knife so that when installed, the piece will be flush with the outside sufrace of the transom frames. Everything is sanded smooth after installation. We're almost finished now. In the next series of photos for this step, you see a template used that was taken from the Frame Plan drawing of the profile of the model.

This template helps to locate a horizontal timber I call the On Boat Plank Words Frame Construction Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words filling frame cross timber that will help close in the gap between the last frame of the ship and the outer most transom frame. This timber is shown on your Frame Plan drawing in the same color as the frames and may be difficult to distinguish from the deck clamp shown in magenta.

As I mentioned earlier, the deck line frame extends across the stern transom at the same location as the deck clamp thus joining the right side clamp with the left side clamp. The two ends of the timber you need to make has a notch at the fore end so that it fits around the last frame in the ship and a bevel at the aft end that matches the angle of the transom frame.

This can be seen in the last photo of the series. It is also glued against the inside edge of Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Frame Construction Words Plank On Boat Frame Words Boat Construction On Plank Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words the deck line frame that was just installed. A notch is cut into the cross piece where that filler frame goes. The filler frame timber has a matching notch and sits on top of the building jig base.

The lower end of the filling frame meets the inside edge of the last transom frame. The photos show this placement. One more step to complete the framing of the stern transom is left. Some scrap filler pieces are added on each side of the counter area I mentioned earlier. They are glued to the outside surface of the outer most transom frame. Then everything is sanded and blended to form a smooth transition of the counter as seen in the final photos for this step.

This completes the complex construction of the stern transom. If you've made it this far, you are to be congratulated. I promise it gets Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words easier from here! As you can see from the 1st photo in this step, the model has been removed from the building jig, which is no longer needed because the planking you are about to install now holds the framework together. But before we can get to this point, we have to fair out the hull. Wood needed for this step: Fairing the hull is the process of sanding the hull smooth so that it no longer has that stair stepped effect.

The test for smoothness is by visually sighting down the hull as you hold the model at eye level and by laying a thin strip of wood against the hull at various points to see if it touches each and every frame and lays flat.

You cannot lay planking if the hull is not fair. Various sanding blocks are used to fair the hull. I like Boat Frame On Words Construction Plank Boat Plank Frame Words On Construction Boat Words Plank On Construction Frame Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words to use a plastic sanding block called the "mini-sander" found in most hobby shops and shown in the 2nd photo.

It has two pieces of yellow plastic with teeth in them and a rubber pad that wraps around it. Strips of sandpaper can be purchased as belts that wrap around the two plastic pieces. The plastic pieces slide outward catching on their teeth to lock and tighten them against the sandpaper.

The nice thing about this sander is the rubber pad which works well on curved surfaces such as the hull of a model ship. Start with 80 grit sandpaper and aggressively sand the surface of the frames blending each one to the next and so forth. It will take some sanding to get the bow area faired as it has the sharpest curves. When the hull is close to being faired all over, switch to grit, then and Frame Construction On Words Plank Boat Words Boat On Plank Frame Construction finally grit sandpaper.

The next 5 photos show the hull after it has been faired out. Now the planking can be laid. Typically model ship builders like to leave the planking off of the lower hull of a true plank on frame model so that the intricate details of the frames can be displayed. There is actually some historical models know as Admiralty Models in various museums that are constructed in this manner. When a ship was going to be built, a model was made showing off the framework that would be used for its construction.

The model was presented to the Admiralty Board for approval and often times, the plans for the model were also used to build the actual ship.

So, given the historical nature of admiralty models, I'm only going to cover how to plank the upper hull area. Typically modelers will break a Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words ship's hull into two major sections - the area above the wales and the area below them. The "wales" are thick timbers across the center area of the ship going horizontally. The acted like a belt that holds up your trousers. They were thicker than any of the other planks on the hulls. Most modelers like to use a contrasting wood for the wales such as ebony or walnut.

I chose ebony for my Hannah model. In the next photo you can see a template cut from a manila folder. Use a copy of the Frame Plan to make this template. First cut the drawing along the line that is the top surface of the building jig. Then cut on the green line that is the bottom edge of the wale plank. After cutting the drawing, rubber cement it to the manila folder and cut it on the Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words same lines as well. To mark the line of the wale plank, place the template on the surface of the building jig and align the frames on the drawing with the frames on the model, then mark each frame with a pencil where the wale line intersects the frames.

Once the line has been marked, you're ready to start. Because the wales are thick,. Cut strips of wood that are. You can use soft basswood for the first 5 layers because the final finished layer will cover them up color their edges black to match the black ebony. A quick five minute soak in water will soften the basswood so that it bends easily.

Planks on a real ship were typically about 24' in length. Start at the bow. First mark a line on the stem where the wale will tuck into the rabbet joint. Now you Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words see why you cut that rabbet joint into the stem. Using the Frame Plan, the bottom edge of the bottom wale meets the stem at a point exactly 3.

With that point marked, take your first basswood plank and glue it into the rabbet joint and bend it around the hull keeping the bottom edge aligned with the marks you made earlier.

You can use a 24" length of wood for the first 5 layers because they will be covered over with the finishing layer. It helps to put glue on a few frames at a time.

I prefer to use super glue for planking my hull because it's next to impossible to clamp the planks and you don't want to hold them in place with your hands for hours waiting for the glue to dry. Super glue sets up almost instantly, especially if the planks are Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank Construction Words Frame On Boat Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words moist, so make sure you have the planks in the correct position. By gluing a few frames at a time, you can add glue to the surface of the frames, press and hold the plank against the glue for a minute, then repeat the process.

Let the aft end of the planking extend slightly beyond the stern transom for now. You can trim it all up and sand it flush later on. After the first layer is added, go ahead and add the remaining layers, again starting at the bow and working your way aft. Be sure to tuck the end into the rabbet joint. Add the finished layer but cut those planks to a length of approximately 6". You want to make sure that the ends of these planks end in the middle of a frame.

This means that some may be slightly less than 6" and Boat Construction Frame On Words Plank Construction Words Plank Frame On Boat Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words some may be slightly longer than 6". Start at the bow and work your way aft as you did before. Congratulations, you've begun your hull planking! The next 5 rows of planking is. You won't need to layer any more of the rows. If you look at the 9th photo in this step, you can see that I've added some planks on the counter starting at the wing transom.

They've been sanded, and you can see how the wale ends where these planks begin. If you go forward to the 13th photo you can see that I've planked the entire counter area and sanded it smooth. You should plank the couter before you add the outer hull planks so that the outer hull planks cover the edges of the counter planks. As the 20th photo shows, 5 rows of planking were added above the Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words On Boat Plank Words Construction Frame Boat Frame Construction Plank Words On Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words wales. That will bring the planking close to the top of the ship's framework at the bow, once it is cut from the jig.

The next plank to go on will be a piece of molding. Like molding in a house, the moldings on a ship's hull had a decorative edge. You can make this edge by cutting the profile of the molding into a razor blade using a thin cutoff wheel in your Dremel tool.

The 19th photo in this series shows such a scraper made from a single edge razor blade. Let me also mention that the ends of your 6" planks need to be staggered.

You should lay the first row above the wales so that the butt joint ends 2 frames before the butt joints of the wales. You want to repeat this pattern of moving back 2 frames for three rows Construction Boat Plank On Words Frame Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Words Plank Frame Boat Construction On of planking. On the fourth row, the butt joints should go back to aligning with the butt joints of the wales. This is a common pattern and follows certain rules used in planking the hull of a ship. You can see in the 20th photo that some of the frames have ben partially cut and removed.

Specifically the fore side of 2 frames has been removed. This is part of the design of this ship. Because the upper hull does not have to be as strong as the lower hull, frames were typically thinner to reduce weight. So, from the top edge of each frame going from the aft most frame to the point where the quarterdeck begins, I removed the forward half of the frame.

Exacto makes a small blade with teeth in it like a saw 13 which can be used to cut the forward half of Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank Construction Frame Boat Words On Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words each frame at the top edge of the last row of planking added.

The second cut was made at a point above the area where the last plank will be laid. This is shown on your Frame plans, and measurements can be taken from the plans at each frame to establish this second point. Use a 22 Xacto blade to then cut and remove this half of the frame. Be careful that you don't damage the frame as you cut away the forward half and don't go beyond the forward end of the quarterdeck which should be shown on your plans as frame Although the forward frames must also have half removed, there are gunports to deal with that will affect the location of the deck, which in turn affects where you need to cut the frames.

I'll address that in a later step. Now Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words we can make our molding. Swiss pear wood is pear wood that has been steamed. Steaming turns the wood pink in color, and it makes a nice contrasting color that works well with the beige boxwood and white holly used above the molding.

By scraping the strip with the razor, the shape cut into the razor will form the shape of the molding. Pretty neat trick, huh? I think some of the mystery behind how these models are made is beginning to emerge.

The molding can be laid as a long, single strip if you wish. It becomes the top most plank at the bow, but at the stern, additional planking is necessary to cover the area where the quarterdeck is located. To give the model more contrast, I added a row of. Looking at the 21st photo in this step, you can see that the molding has been Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Frame On Plank Boat Words Construction Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Frame Plank Boat Construction Words On Plank Frame Construction Boat Words On added and the holly row has been added stopping at the fore end of what will later be the quarterdeck.

Another row of molding is added, then 3 rows of plum are added and the planking is finished off with another row of molding. Photo 23 shows these final rows of planking added. Now that all of the planking has been added to both sides you did remember to add it on the other side too, didn't you? The Xacto blade 13 can be used to cut the frames. Be careful at the end when you cut the last few frames that you don't drop the freed model on the floor! Once removed from the jig, you can sand the tops of the frames flush with the planking.

Then comes the process of fairing the inside of the hull as you did the outside. After the Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Frame On Words Construction Boat Plank Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words hull has been faired inside, give the outside planking a final sanding with different grits of sandpaper from coarse to fine.

I like to apply a few coats of Minwax Wipe on Polyurethane to the outer planking and frames at this point. Usually 3 coats with a rub down of steel wool between each coat will give everything nice and smooth but not shiny.

This completes this step of planking the hull. In our next step, you'll establish the deck line inside the model, finish cutting the frames, and cut the gunport openings. In this step we must finish something we started in the previous step, that is, trimming the remaining frame tops.

You will recall that in the previous step, before the planking was applied, you trimmed the forward portion of the sistered frames leaving only the aft half. You should have stopped at the point where Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words the quarterdeck begins frame 14 and the main deck ends. Now we must trim away the aft half of each frame at the main deck area. Wood needed for this step: 4. Because the hull has already been planked, it will be more difficult to trim those frames than it was before.

However, I came up with a way to do it which makes it much easier. In the 1st photo you can see that I have installed the deck clamp. The deck clamp supports the deck beams which will be added in the next step.

Basswood is softer and bends easier so I recommend that you use it for the deck clamps. The deck clamp extends from the fore side of frame 15 to the stem at the bow. The top of the deck clamp is 1. Set your calipers to this measurement and use them to Plank On Frame Boat Construction Words Plank Boat Frame On Construction Words Words Construction Boat Frame On Plank Construction Boat Plank Frame On Words mark the location of the top of the deck clamp. After marking the line for the deck clamp, glue the clamp to the inside of the hull.

Then use a Dremel tool with a cutoff disc to cut through each frame completely. Be careful that you do not cut through the planking though. Make the cut on each frame right at the point where the top of the deck clamp intersects the frame as shown in the 1st photo.

Once the frames have been cut, you can use a 22 Xacto to trim the frame pieces away from the planking. After some cleanup of the old glue and some sanding of the inside planking surface, the cut off frame pieces can be replaced with new half frame pieces as shown in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd photos. Remember, these half pieces are on the forward side of the frame.

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