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A Danish force had managed to reach the open waters farther off and observed the immobilized Swedish ships from a distance. On 29 April it landed troops on Gotland, which soon surrendered. The Swedish fleet was ordered out on 4 May, but experienced adverse winds and Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List was delayed until 19 May. Juel had by then already left Visby , the principal port of Gotland with a garrison force.
Despite the considerable Swedish advantage in ships, men and guns, they were unable to inflict any losses on the allied force, and lost a fireship and two minor vessels.
The battle revealed the lack of coherence and organization within the Swedish ranks, which soured relations between Creutz and his officers. After the failed action, the Swedish fleet anchored off Trelleborg where King Charles was waiting with new orders to recapture Gotland. When the Swedish fleet left Trelleborg on 30 May they were soon intercepted by the allied fleet, which then began a pursuit. By this time the allies had been reinforced by another Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List small squadron and totaled 42 vessels, with 25 large and medium ships of the line.
The reinforcements brought with them a new commander, the Dutch Admiral General Cornelis Tromp , one of the most renowned naval tacticians of his time. The Swedish ships fared poorly in the rough winds, losing masts and spars. The Swedish officers formed a battle line that held together only with great difficulty. They tried to get ahead of Tromp's ships to gain the weather gage by getting between the allies and the shore, and thereby gaining an advantageous tactical position.
The Dutch ships of the allied fleet managed to sail close-hauled faster than the rest of the force and slipped between the Swedes and the coast, taking up the Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Of Shipwrecks Wooden And The List Building Ship Interpretation crucial weather gage. Later that morning the two fleets closed in on each other and were soon within firing range. Sharp turns in rough weather were known to be perilous, especially for ships that had stability weaknesses. Kronan turned to port left , but with too much sail, and heeled so far over that she began to flood through the open gunports.
The crew was unable to correct the imbalance and the ship laid over completely with the masts parallel with the water. Soon after, the gunpowder store in the forward part of the Kronan ignited for unknown reasons and exploded, ripping apart a large section of the starboard side forward of the mainmast.
The remaining section rose with the stern pointing up in the Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List air and the broken-off front part toward the bottom. She then rapidly sank with the port side down. When the wreck hit the seabed, the hull suffered a major fracture along its side, further damaging the structure. During this rapid sinking, a large proportion of the crew suffered severe trauma, as is shown by osteological analyses of the skeletal remains.
Many of the remains had deep, unhealed lacerations on skulls, vertebrae, ribs and other limbs. Only 50 of the strong crew escaped the gun battle and the inferno, and among the dead was the acting Admiral Claes Uggla. After losing two of its highest ranking commanders as well as its two largest ships, the Swedish fleet fled in disarray. According to the artillery officer Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Building Ship And Interpretation Shipwrecks Of Wooden List The Anders Gyllenspak, only 40 men, including himself, survived the sinking: Major Johan Klerk, 2 trumpeters, 14 sailors and 22 soldiers, which means that more than had perished.
Among them were half a dozen navy and army officers as well as the chief physician of the Admiralty and the fleet apothecary. On 13 June the King wrote that "some of our sea officers have shown such cowardly and careless behavior [that they] have placed the safety, welfare and defense of the kingdom at great peril", and that "such a great crime should be sternly punished".
One of the accused, Hans Clerck of Solen , was promoted to full admiral by the King even before the commission presented its findings. Inappropriate handling in rough weather was the Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List most obvious cause for Kronan ' s sinking. Unlike Vasa , Kronan ' s sailing characteristics were not inherently flawed and the ship had served for several years in rough seas.
During the work of the commission, artillery officer Anders Gyllenspak even made direct comparisons to Vasa. According to Rosenberg and Gyllenspak on Kronan , Creutz made a turn because Uggla had signaled that he was going about.
Several scholars and authors have blamed Creutz for the loss of his ship, and he has been criticized as an incompetent sailor and officer who through lack of naval experience brought about the sinking. Grandin has also suggested that Creutz may have suffered a mental breakdown after the failure at Bornholm and the open dispute with his officers, which Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Building Shipwrecks Ship Interpretation The Wooden And List Of Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List led to a rash and ultimately fatal decision. More recent views present the question of responsibility as more nuanced and complex � suggesting that Creutz cannot be singled out as solely responsible for the disaster.
He would have primarily been an administrator without the need for intimate knowledge of practical details; turning a ship in rough weather would have been the responsibility of his subordinates. The Swedish naval officer corps in the late 17th century lacked the prestige of army commanders, and seasoned officers and even admirals could be outranked by inexperienced civilians or army commanders with little or no naval background.
The total cost of Kronan was estimated at , silver dalers in contemporary currency, and about half of the cost, , dalers, lay in Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List the armaments. It was therefore in the interest of the Swedish Navy to salvage as many of the cannons as possible. In the early s almost all the guns from Vasa had been brought up through greatly improved technology. With the help of diving bells , they were able to raise 60 cannons worth 67, daler in the summers c.
June�August of �86, beginning as soon as the war with Denmark had ended. In the s, diving expert Bo Cassel made some successful descents to Vasa with a diving bell made according to 17th-century specifications.
In , further experiments were done on Kronan. The tests proved successful and the conclusion was that the 17th-century operations must have required considerable experience, skill and favorable weather conditions. Kronan Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List was one of several famous shipwrecks on a list of potential wreck sites that he had compiled. During the s and s the team searched off Hulterstad by dragging, and later followed up with sonar scans. In planks believed to belong to Kronan were located, but the lead could not be followed up properly at the time.
Later in the s the search area was narrowed down with a sidescan sonar and a magnometer , an instrument that detects the presence of iron. With the two instruments the team pinned down a likely location, and in early August , sent down underwater cameras to reveal the first pictures of Kronan.
The remains of Kronan lie at a depth of 26 m 85 ft , 6 km 3. Since Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of ShipwrecksBuilding Shipwrecks List Ship Interpretation Wooden And Of The Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List List her rediscovery in , there have been annual diving expeditions to the site of the wreck from June to August. By Baltic Sea standards, the conditions are good for underwater archaeological work; the wreck site is far from land, away from the regular shipping lanes, and has not been affected by pollution from the land or excessive growth of marine vegetation. The visibility, especially in early summer, is good and can be up to 20 m.
The seabed consists of mostly infertile sand that reflects much of the sunlight from the surface, aiding the surveying and documentation of the site with underwater cameras. More than 30, artifacts from Kronan have been salvaged and cataloged, ranging from bronze cannons of up to four tonnes to Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List small eggshell fragments. One of the first finds was a small table cabinet with nine drawers containing navigational instruments, pipe-cleaning tools, cutlery and writing utensils, which most likely belonged to one of the officers.
Besides wages for the crew, a war chest was required for large, unforeseen expenses. In , a collection of gold coins was found, most of them ducats. The origin of the individual coins varied considerably, with locations such as Cairo, Reval modern-day Tallinn , and Seville.
Another 46 ducats were found in In , a much larger cache of nearly 6, coins was uncovered and in yet another with more than 7, coins. Several musical instruments have been found, including a trumpet, three violins and a viola da gamba , all expensive objects that Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Building List Shipwrecks Interpretation Ship And Of The Wooden probably belonged to either the officers or the trumpeters. One of the trumpeters on board was a member of the admiral's musical ensemble and it is assumed that one of the particularly fine, German-made instruments belonged to him.
Another remnant of the officers' personal stores was discovered in , consisting of a woven basket filled Building A Wooden Shipping Crate 65 with tobacco and expensive imported foodstuffs and spices, including ginger, plums, grapes and cinnamon quills. Approximately seven percent of the finds consist of textiles.
Much of the clothing, particularly that of the officers and their personal servants, is well preserved and has provided information on clothing manufacture during the late 17th century, something that has otherwise been difficult to research based only on depictions.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks LWooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Building Ship The And Interpretation Of Wooden Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List ist flagship of the Swedish Navy in the Baltic Sea in the s. Main article: Swedish Empire.
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Underwater photography. Underwater divers. Meide David Moore Mark M. Peterson Richard Pyle William R. Skiles E. Lamar Worzel. Andrew Abercromby Joseph M. Acaba Clayton Anderson Richard R. Behnken Randolph Bresnik Timothy J. Broderick Justin Brown Berry L. Garan Jr. Michael L. Gernhardt Christopher E. Wiseman Kimiya Yui. Michael C. Lionel Crabb. Keith Jessop. The motive may not be right within their hearts, but that doesn"t matter. Paul said, "To Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List me I am thrilled that the work of God is spreading in this community.
But the other of love, knowing that I am set for the defense of the gospel. What then? According to my earnest expectation and my hope, that in nothing I shall be ashamed, but that with all boldness, as always, so now also Christ shall be magnified in my body, whether it be by life, or by death Philippians At this point, Paul was facing Caesar Nero, and he really did not know whether or not he would receive the sentence of death from Nero.
Now, he knew that Nero had a general opposition to the preaching of the gospel of Jesus Christ. He knew that Nero saw Jesus Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Christ as a threat. Nero had ordered that the people confess that Caesar is Lord. Those that refused to confess that Caesar was Lord would be put to death. Paul was going to be facing now this little tyrant. He says, "Pray for me that I might be as bold as I have always been, not going to back down now in this situation, just because I am going to be facing this tyrant Caesar.
My expectation, my hope that I will not be ashamed, that I will speak the truth boldly, though the consequence may be my head. It is interesting from a historical standpoint that Paul appeared before Caesar Nero twice. Once, on his appeal in Caesarea, he had appealed to Caesar, Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List and the first time Paul appeared, Caesar Nero set him free. The charges were baseless. Paul was set free. A couple of years later he was rearrested and brought back to Rome and Caesar Nero ordered him beheaded.
So, Paul died a martyr death and he was beheaded by the edict of Caesar Nero. But, as you look at history, an interesting thing: number one, we know that Jesus had told his disciples that they were going to be hailed before the magistrates and before kings.
But He said, "Don"t take any forethought what you are going to say because in that hour the Holy Spirit will give you the words, and these things will turn for your testimony, or the appearances will Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List give you an opportunity to testify. On every occasion Paul took the occasion to testify, to tell of the work of God"s Spirit in his life, and he witnessed to his being born again by the power of Jesus Christ. Every time that he appeared before any of these magistrates, it was just to Paul an opportunity to testify for Jesus Christ.
The higher the position of the person before whom Paul was appearing, the more fervent was Paul"s testimony, the more earnest was Paul in his endeavor to convert the person, because Paul always thought, "Wow, with the influence and position this guy has, think of what it could do for the gospel if he were saved. When he appeared before List And Interpretation Wooden The Building Of Shipwrecks Ship Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List King Agrippa, man, did he ever lay on a heavy testimony.
When he was coming to the close, he said, "Agrippa, do you believe the scriptures? I know you believe the scriptures. You have been studying too hard. You have lost your mind. You"re trying to persuade me? But oh, how I wish you were. Paul appearing before Nero, don"t you know he really turned it on.
I mean, he felt no doubt, if I can convert Nero, think of what that will do for the gospel if the emperor becomes a Christian. I am sure he laid on the heaviest witness anybody has ever heard at any time in history when he got before Nero.
It is interesting as you study Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List the history of Nero, up to this point in history, up to the point that Paul appeared before him, he was a fairly decent ruler.
After Paul"s appearance, there was a sudden and dramatic change in Nero"s personality recorded in history. He became almost a mad man. In fact, many did think that he became insane.
There is that likelihood that God, through Paul, was giving to Caesar Nero the opportunity of being saved and the testimony and the witness was so powerful, that in his rejection of that testimony, his complete rejection of Jesus Christ, that Caesar Nero at that point became demon possessed.
There are certainly things in history to indicate demon possession in Caesar Nero, and also in the Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List And Wooden Interpretation The Building Ship List Shipwrecks Of List The And Building Wooden Shipwrecks Ship Of Interpretation And Shipwrecks Wooden Of Ship The Interpretation List Building Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List scriptures.
Caesar Nero became a madman. In his persecution of the church, he became inhumane. They would tie Christians on posts in his garden, cover them with tar, and set them on fire to light his garden in the evening, as he would get in his chariot naked and race through the paths of his garden.
Christians lighting them, torched there in the garden. It was inhumane and horrible. It is an interesting study as you study carefully the history of Nero, and this dramatic change just about the time that Paul witnessed to him. He then, of course, burned Rome in his desire to build a new and greater Rome, one that would be named after him and leave his monument, and then Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List blame the Christians. That was when Paul was recalled and arrested in Ephesus, and brought back to Rome, and then beheaded by Caesar Nero.
Now, whether or not Paul was writing it during the first imprisonment or second is not known for certain. It was probably the first, but even at this point, his outcome is uncertain. Paul expresses, "Hey, my desire is that Christ be magnified in my body. Whether by life or by death, I really don"t care. I just want to live for the glory of Jesus Christ. I am not looking for anything for myself; I am looking that my life will bring glory and honor to Christ.
That Christ be magnified in my body, whether by life Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List or by death, doesn"t make any difference. Again, if you were to say, "To me to live," what would you have to say? To me to live is the Indy To me to live is playing a guitar. To me to live is And so many people are living for so many things. Paul said, "For me to live is Christ. You can"t say that if you are living for anything else. To me, to live is to be wealthy, to mass a fortune, and to die is to lose it all. To die is loss.
You can only say to die is gain when you have lived your life for Jesus Christ. That is why if a person lives their life Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List for Jesus Christ, we don"t have to, and we should not, grieve over their death. We can grieve over our loss. We sorrow, but not as those who have no hope; we sorrow because we are going to miss them.
But, we don"t sorrow for them. We don"t grieve for them. For if a person is living for Christ, to die is gain. But if I live in the flesh [I really don"t know what is going to happen now], this is the fruit of my labor: yet what I shall choose I wot not [I really don"t know] Philippians If you ask, "What would you choose, Paul?
Do you want to live or die? For he said,. For Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Ship Building The And List Of Shipwrecks Wooden Interpretation Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List I am in a strait betwixt two, having a desire to depart, and to be with Christ; which is far better Philippians :. Now, if soul sleep was a legitimate doctrine, then Paul the apostle surely did not understand the doctrine. He would not then express himself this way concerning death. No, I have a desire to depart and to be with Christ. In writing his second letter to the Corinthians, he said, "For we know that when this tent, the earthly body in which we presently live, is dissolved, that we have a building of God that is not made with hands that is eternal in the heavens.
So then, we who are still living in these bodies do often groan earnestly desiring to Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List be freed from them, not that I would be in an unembodied spirit, not that I would be unclothed, but that I might be clothed upon with the body which is from heaven. For we know that as long as we are living in these bodies, we are absent from the Lord. So we would choose rather to be absent from these bodies, and to be present with the Lord. So I really don"t know what to choose.
I am really in a strait. I"m facing life or death, and I don"t know, but I don"t really know what I want. We in this body groan earnestly, desiring to be freed from these bodies. Not to be unembodied, but to And List The Ship Building Shipwrecks Interpretation Wooden Of be clothed upon with the body which is in heaven.
So, we in these bodies groaning earnestly desiring. So I have a desire to depart and to be with Christ, which is far better. Now, do you really believe that? You see, we have the wrong attitude towards death. Oh, how terrible, what a loss. But Paul said,. Nevertheless to abide in the flesh [for me to continue to stay in this body of flesh] is more needful for you Philippians Now, I would like to go, my desire is to go and be with Christ, but you need me.
I am torn, torn by your need of my continued ministry, and by my desire to be with the Lord. And having this confidence, Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List I know that I shall abide and continue with you all for your furtherance and joy of faith Philippians ;.
So, Paul was confident at this point that he was going to be exonerated, which he was, and to continue for a little while yet with them. That your rejoicing may be more abundant in Jesus Christ for me by my coming to you again. Only let your conversation [manner of life] be as it becometh the gospel of Christ: that whether I come and see you, or else be absent [Now, if he takes my head], I may hear of your affairs, that ye stand fast in one spirit [Now, whether I stay in jail actually that when I hear of you, that this Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List is what I"ll hear: that you are standing fast in one spirit], with one mind striving together for the faith of the gospel Philippians ;.
And in nothing terrified by your adversaries: which is to them an evident token of perdition, but to you of salvation, and that of God. For unto you it is given in the behalf of Christ, not only to believe on him, but also to suffer for his sake Philippians ;. Wait a minute, I thought I heard an evangelist the other night saying that no Christian ever needed to suffer if he just had enough faith.
Evidently, he didn"t read Philippians It is given on the behalf of Christ, not only to believe on Him, but to Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Shipwrecks Interpretation List And Building Ship Wooden Of The Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List suffer for His sake. Having the same conflict which ye saw in me, and now hear to be in me Philippians The Prisoner Apostle in Rome.
Address and Salutation Philippians Philippians , Philippians The form of greeting in Philippians is that common to the Epistles of the third group. To all the saints ] holy persons�consecrated to God as all Christian believers are. This and similar emphatic expressions in Philippians , Philippians , Philippians , chapter Philippians show that the entire Church, despite differences between its members Philippians ; Philippians , has the Apostle's confidence. Only in this Epistle are the Church officers singled out in the address; probably because they figured in the letter of the Church, to which St.
Paul is replying: see Intro. Bishops and deacons Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Ship The Shipwrecks Building Interpretation Of And List Wooden Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List ] 'overseers' and 'attendants'�associated here for the first time in NT. The same persons might be called 'elders' in respect of status, and 'overseers' in respect of duty. At this early stage of development, there was no strict uniformity of title or function in the offices held in various Churches. Episkopos bishop was a name for persons charged with administrative or financial responsibility in Greek communities; and this title may have been adopted by the Hellenic Churches.
For farther elucidation, see notes on these words in the Pastoral Epistles. Grace ] is God's forgiving and redeeming love to men: see Romans to Romans , Romans ; Ephesians ; Ephesians , etc. Act of Praise and Prayer Philippians The characteristically Pauline Thanksgiving, Philippians , runs into a chain Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List of participial sentences loaded with adverbial clauses, the connexion of which is not always certain.
Philippians accounts for the joy attending St. Paul's supplications for his readers as due to their unbroken fellowship with him; and Philippians declares the assurance of complete success that animates his prayers. The rendering of this very thing , in Philippians , is difficult to justify; say rather, 'being confident on this very account�viz.
The assurance above expressed is supported by the reflexion that it is right to cherish these thoughts �of thankfulness, joy, trust� about you all, since I hold you in my heart.. He is conscious of their communion both in his bonds, which they share by sympathy and by the presence of Epaphroditus Philippians , Philippians , and in Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List the defence and confirmation of the gospel �the negative and positive sides of his ministry in Rome, where he both vindicates the cause of Christ and demonstrates its saving power: cp.
Ephesians , Ephesians A solemn attestation of the heart-union just declared. To yearn over one in the heart of Christ Jesus is to love him with the depth and tenderness of His affection: cp. John , and on Philippians Bowels] RV 'tender mercies. The Prayer of Philippians recognises the love exhibited in the 'fellowship' of the readers with St.
Paul Philippians , desiring that it may be enriched by intelligence and moral tact. The Gk. Strong in affection and zeal, the Philippians needed a more enlightened conscience see on Philippians , in order to prove the things Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Ship Building List Shipwrecks And Interpretation Wooden Of The that differ RM: cp. The emphasis of Philippians rests on filled made complete ; and fruit of righteousness embraces all the moral issues of the righteousness of faith see Philippians , abounding to the glory..
John About Paul's Affairs Philippians The supreme interest of writer and readers alike cp. Philippians lies in 'the progress of the gospel. Paul troubled the Philippians on this account, and their alarm had been expressed in their recent letter: see Intro. He hastens to reassure them: the things that have befallen me have turned out rather to the progress of the gospel.
My bonds have become manifest in Christ ] means that the writer, instead of being thrust out of sight, as the Philippians fear, is conspicuous at Rome as Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Christ's messenger: cp. Ephesians , His prison-lodging has become a vantage-ground: see Acts his trial is favourably advertising the gospel. Philippians describe the effect of this turn of events on the Roman Church.
Some of its members may have been discouraged; but most of the brethren in the Lord.. Paul's cheerful confidence, at the same time the respect shown to him in his captivity and the likelihood of his acquittal, encouraged the majority; his trial, so far, went to clear Christianity of anything criminal in the eyes of the State, Hence the Roman Christians, beyond expectation, have gained confidence by his bonds.
Some in their bolder testimony are actuated by envy and strife; some by good will �he rejoices in the activity of Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List both parties! Both, it is clear, are proclaiming a true gospel, and the Apostle's ill wishers cannot have been preaching the 'other Judaising gospel' condemned in Galatians Personal dislike actuated the latter; they were jealous of St. Paul's ascendency, and regarded him as an interloper�a disposition only too natural in a Church of which he was not the founder: cp.
Romans These rivals meanly think to add affliction to his bonds �supposing that he would be chagrined by their success! They proclaim Christ therefore not sincerely not in a pure spirit , but in pretence Philippians , Philippians ; and St. Paul, though glad that their work is making Christ's name more widely known, censures its motives.
The better sort preach of love Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List and in truth with consistent motives , recognising in the prisoner-apostle the champion of the gospel. Observe the reversal in Philippians , according to RV, of the order of the two parties distinguished in Philippians With the last clause of Philippians before which it is better to place a full stop St.
Paul turns from the present to the future: Yes, and I will rejoice; for I know , etc. This Philippians , like therein Philippians , embraces the whole situation described in Philippians , which while furthering the gospel Philippians will turn to St. Paul's final salvation: cp. In his humility, the Apostle regards this issue as depending on your supplication and ministty of the Spirit of Jesus Christ cp.
Galatians , of whose influence his friends' prayers bring Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List List Interpretation And Shipwrecks Wooden Of The Ship Building him richer supplies: cp. The above result accords with the writer's eager expectation and hope, that in any event Christ will be magnified in his person as hitherto: he lives, and will die, for this alone. Whatever happens to my body , the essential interests are safe. To live ] as distinguished from to live in the flesh Philippians , means 'life essential': cp.
Colossians is the true commentary on Philippians : 'Your life is hid with Christ in God'�'Christ, who is our life. For to me, to live is Christ ] i. Hence, to die is gain; for dying would bring the Apostle nearer to Christ: see Philippians and 2 Corinthians How the expectation of being with Christ immediately after death agrees with Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Interpretation Building Of Ship Shipwrecks List The And Wooden Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List the conception of an intermediate state, indicated in 1 Thessalonians , 1 Thessalonians and 1 Corinthians , is not evident; our best notions of the other world are dim and confused: see 1 Corinthians There is gain also on the opposite side: If to live in the flesh be my lot RM the Gk.
The writer knows not which he shall choose ; advantages are balanced. His heart prompts the wish to go; his judgment, guided by his friends' need, advises staying; that he will so abide in the flesh for their progress and joy in the faith, St.
Paul is persuaded Philippians This outcome of the pending trial will bring exceeding joy, as well as spiritual benefit, to the Philippians. The peculiar Gk. The glorying AV' Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List rejoicing' anticipated in Philippians is the exultation of the Philippians in the Apostle's escape and the resulting gain to the Christian cause. With Philippians the Apostle turns upon his readers, as much as to say, 'I have told you how it fares with me; what about yourselves? My happiness depends on you,' The transitional Only implies a possible qualification�a cloud that might darken the bright prospect of Philippians : cp.
The manner of life AV 'conversation' expected is defined by a Gk. Ephesians Steadfastness is the chief quality desired in them, that ye stand fast �a characteristic of the citizen-soldier. In one spirit signifies unity of religious principles and purpose; with one soul RV , unity of feeling and effort.
The faith of the gospel Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Ship Of The And Wooden Shipwrecks Building Interpretation List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List does not mean Christian doctrine, the contents of faith, but faith as a conscious power in the soul, 'striving like one man to maintain and carry into effect your faith in the gospel': cp. Judges Steadfastness meant, especially for this Church, not to be daunted by persecution.
They are Paul's comrades in the conflict which he underwent at Philippi formerly, and now endures in Rome Philippians Let them understand that their courage is itself a token of their adversaries' perdition ruin and their salvation �a sign that God is with them cp. Philippians , in this connexion ; for indeed Philippians their sufferings are a bounty of divine grace cp.
Matthew ; 1 Peter shared with their Apostle cp. Philippians ; also Colossians ; Ephesians , Ephesians �a favour Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List directly consequent on their believing in Christ. To suffer in His behalf , as representing Christ amid an evil world cp. John , is indeed an honour. The apostle proceeded to express his sincere gratitude to God for his friends in Philippi. He did this to assure them of God"s continuing working for them and his satisfaction with their partnership in the work of the gospel.
In this section Paul introduced and summarized the main theme of Philippians, namely, partnership in the gospel. He stated it explicitly in Philippians and developed it later in the body of the epistle Philippians to Philippians What was the good work to which Paul referred?
If he had in mind only the generosity of his original readers, he may Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List have meant that good work. However, as I have suggested, he seems to have had a much broader concept in mind, namely, what the work of the gospel produces: salvation. Who had begun this good work of salvation? It could only be God.
Paul was confident that God would finish what He had begun in his beloved Philippians. In the New Testament, God has revealed that salvation is a process. It involves justification, when a sinner trusts Jesus Christ as his or her Savior. It includes progressive sanctification that occurs from the time of justification to the Christian"s death or the Rapture. And it culminates in glorification, when the redeemed sinner finally sees Jesus Christ and experiences transformation into His image.
Paul was Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden The Building Of List Ship Interpretation And Shipwrecks Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List confident that just as surely as God had justified the Philippians He would also continue to sanctify and eventually glorify them. Whereas we have a hand in the process of sanctification and can affect it by our obedience or disobedience, God alone justifies us. Regardless of our carnality or spirituality He will also glorify us 1 Corinthians The aspect of sanctification that Paul had in view, considering Philippians , was the Philippians" partnership with him in the work of propagating the gospel.
He was confident that God would continue His sanctifying work in them so they might become even more effective partners with him in this great task. This verse does not teach that God will keep all Christians persevering in the faith and Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List in good works faithfully until they die. Believers can and do resist, oppose, and limit God"s sanctifying work in them Ephesians ; 1 Thessalonians Perseverance in faith and good works is not automatic for the Christian.
The New Testament writers consistently urged us to persevere recognizing that some Christians will not do so Titus ; Hebrews ; Hebrews ; Hebrews ; et al. Even some of Paul"s fellow workers did not persevere faithfully 1 Timothy ; 2 Timothy ; 2 Timothy Even though some Christians do not persevere in faith and good works, God will persevere in bringing them to glory i.
Paul"s reference to the day of Christ Jesus as the culmination of the Lord"s work of salvation in the believer points to the day when Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Interpretation The Of Ship Building List Shipwrecks And Wooden Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List He will return for His own: the Rapture. There are at least18 references to this day in the New Testament Romans ; 1 Corinthians ; 1 Corinthians ; 1 Corinthians ; 1 Corinthians ; 2 Corinthians ; Philippians ; Philippians ; Philippians ; Philippians ; Philippians ; 1 Thessalonians ; 1 Thessalonians ; 1 Thessalonians ; 2 Thessalonians ; 2 Timothy ; 2 Timothy ; 2 Timothy However, in contrast to the OT emphasis on judgment, the "day of Christ Jesus" is mentioned in all cases with reference to the NT church.
It will be the time when Christ returns for his church, salvation is finally completed, and believers" works are examined and the believer rewarded. This is one of the most comforting verses in the Bible for Christians. Our getting to heaven safely does not depend on us, on our Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List ability to hold on and to persevere faithfully to the end of our lives. The Lord will see to it that we reach heaven safely in spite of our failures and shortcomings.
Salvation is God"s work, not man"s Jonah As surely as He has already delivered us from the penalty of sin Romans , He will one day deliver us from the presence of sin cf. Our salvation can no more be forfeited than the Father can break his pledged word to glorify his Son. No wonder, then, that Paul uses the language of a man who has no doubts: I am sure. Philippians summarize the entire epistle.
They introduce the main theme, which is the Philippians" partnership in the gospel. A Consciousness Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List of Kinship. The ground of his intercession was threefold. First, it arose from his consciousness of their kinship. We find this in Philippians : "I make supplication with joy for your fellowship. It was the consciousness that those for whom he prayed were so closely akin to him in their determination and aims, that quickened the wheels of his supplication.
Had they not shown this fellowship by sending repeatedly to his necessity, as we learn from the close of this Epistle? The Philippian Church, though very poor, had sent again and again generous gifts to supply the Apostle's wants, and this proved that they and he were animated with the same determination. But more than this, there was the wireless telegraphy which bore out Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List to the storm-tossed ship of his life the prayer and sympathy of his converts.
For us also there are kindred spirits in different parts of the world, who are able by their prayer to send vibrations of holy energy into our souls, and when we pray for such we are able to make supplication with joy. Living with God. Secondly, the Apostle recognised that he was in the line of God's purpose. This always makes it easy to pray. That first day of our Christian life was due to the interposition of the grace of God.
No pastor, no mother, no teacher began it, but in the depth of our heart, by His Holy Spirit, God laid the first foundation stone of the Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List new life, and amid all our sins, failures, and backslidings, He has been building up the work He commenced, and He cannot leave it. At Baalbec we find the remains of unfinished temples which man has abandoned half complete; but nowhere in the universe do we find unfinished worlds, half-made suns left incomplete, though many in the making.
We go into the artist's studio and find there unfinished pictures covering large canvases, and suggesting great designs, but which have been left, either because the genius was not competent to complete the work, or because paralysis laid the hand low in death; but as we go into God's great workshop we find nothing that bears the mark of haste or insufficiency of power to finish, and we are sure that the work which His grace has begun, the arm of His strength will complete.
It is easy to pray for a soul when you know that God also is at work perfecting it. Impelled by Affection. Thirdly, His tender affection towards them Philippians He says: "I have you in my heart. Let us live like this. You have children in your schools that greatly trouble you, boys and girls whose restless and obstinate natures seem to resist every overture; men and women meet you daily in your home-life, whom you cannot love with the love of natural affection; but, let every one of us get back to the heart of Jesus Christ until it pours its Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List contents into ours, until we begin to yearn over the lost with the compassions of Jesus.
Before you pass round that unkind story, before you say you will never speak to that man again, before you treat another with distance and coldness, get back to the heart of Jesus Christ, until His tender compassions shall fill yours. Then you can make supplication with joy. Subject Matter of the Prayer. He says in Philippians : "This I pray, that our love may abound yet more and more.
Oh, that we might know this and be perfected in love, that there might be room for nothing more, that this might affect our whole being; for, depend upon it, when the love of God really fills the heart, Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List the accent of the voice, the movements of our body, the look on the face, the demeanour, everything is affected. Too often we show the worried expression, the querulous tone, the over-strained nervous system, but through all this the love ought to pour, carrying away the discontented gloomy look, so that when we return to our dear ones at the close of the day, the entire household may feel that because we have come, sunlight and the love of God are flooding the house, which during the day had missed the music of our presence.
Let "your love abound yet more and more. When the fishers had tossed all night and taken nothing, and the grey dawn was breaking on the beach, it was Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List the eye of him that loved which discerned the figure of the Master standing beside the fire of coals, and John said to Peter, "It is the Lord. The effect of what love will be threefold. Such, without doubt, is the true rendering of the Greek, and we are reminded of Isaiah's words, which predict that the Spirit of the Lord shall rest upon the Messiah, and make Him 'of quick understanding.
When one has been on the ocean for a week, breathing the pure ozone, it is marvellous how quick one is to detect poisonous smells. This is well, and if we were quicker of scent, and detected the noisome effluvia which indicate corruption and disease, we should more certainly be saved Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List from taking the poison into our systems. A man who has lost the sense of smell may go into the midst of disease without knowing it, but the man who is quick of scent is warned of danger.
And the soul that loves deeply is marvellously quick to detect anything which may hurt or offend the loved one. It is so with the nature that loves God. It discerns, it discriminates, and amid the darkness or the grey dawn of our life, when things are so mixed, that they appear like one another, though really different, the love that loves God perfectly, discerns and distinguishes between things that differ.
A man's growth in grace is indicated by the delicacy of the discrimination that Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List List Interpretation Shipwrecks Of Wooden Ship And The Building Interpretation Of List Wooden Ship Shipwrecks Building And The Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List rules in his life. As he gets nearer God he detects in himself habits, and practices, ways of behaviour, and of business, which he once permitted without seeing evil in them, but now puts aside as unfit, to follow only the good.
This is the first effect of perfected love. Just as the X-rays passing through the limb will show at once the fracture, or the result of some accident, so the X-rays of God's truth are always searching the heart, and when a man is living in perfect love, he also lives in perfect truth, for love and truth are one; and the man who lives in love does not mind meeting the searching rays of God's truth, which show that Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List The Interpretation Building Wooden Of And Ship Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Of Interpretation Building Wooden And List The Ship Shipwrecks he is no hypocrite.
It makes us "full of the fruits of righteousness which are through Jesus Christ" Philippians An orchard is fair to see in the spring when there is promise of the blossom, but it is fairest in autumn, when every tree is laden to the ground with fruit.
Let us seek this. The pruning is ever going on; the sunshine, and rain; but the whole discipline is making you full of luscious fruit, that thirsty souls may come to partake of the ripe fruit of your life, and turn from you to glorify and praise God. Be sure that love unites the believer very closely with the true Vine, and to be in living unison with Christ involves that we shall Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List bear much fruit. But all this is only "through Jesus Christ. See to it that you live always in union with Jesus Christ, for without Him, severed from Him, you can do nothing.
Abide in Him, and let Him abide in you. Let the one agony of your life be to keep near to Jesus. See to it that every morning in your prayer you touch Him, that you meditate on the Bible, that all day the union is kept unbroken, so that the living Christ may pour through you the sap of His own vitality, and fill you with the fruits of righteousness. Is this your life? It may be from to-day. If you have never become united to Jesus Christ, the Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List List Of Wooden Shipwrecks Interpretation And Building The Ship Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Shipwrecks Ship Building And Wooden Interpretation Of List The Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Divine man, you may become so by one look of faith.
Then go forth to bear the fruit of a holy life to the glory of God, so that your life may praise Him in concert with the seraphs around His Throne. Continuously impart. Unto my heart,. Fresh springs that never cease,. But still increase.
Philippians Chapter 1. The affection of the Philippians, which expressed itself by sending help to the apostle, reminded him of the spirit they had always shewn; they had cordially associated themselves with the labours and trials of the gospel.
And this thought leads the apostle higher, to that which governs the current of thought most precious to us in the epistle. Who had wrought in the Philippians this spirit Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List And The Wooden Shipwrecks Ship Building Of Interpretation List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List of love and of devotedness to the interests of the gospel?
Truly it was the God of the glad tidings and of love; and this was a security that He who had begun the good work would fulfil it unto the day of Christ. Sweet thought! God cannot be taken from us; the true and living source of all blessing remains to us, unchangeable, and above the infirmities, and even the faults, which deprive Christians of all intermediate resources.
The apostle had seen God acting in the Philippians. The fruits bore witness of the source. Hence he counted on the perpetuity of the blessing they were to enjoy.
Christian love is clear-sighted and full of trust with regard to its objects, because God Himself, Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List and the energy of His grace, are in that love. To return to the principle-it is the same thing with the assembly of God. Faith can always count upon it. It was the fruits of grace which gave the apostle this confidence, as in Hebrews , Hebrews ; 1 Thessalonians , Hebrews He counted indeed, in 1 Corinthians , and in Galatians, on the faithfulness of Christ in spite of many painful things.
The faithfulness of the Lord encouraged him with regard to Christians, whose condition in other respects was the cause of great anxiety. But here-surely a much happier case-the walk itself of the Christian led him to the source of confidence about them.
He remembered with affection and tenderness the way in which they had always Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List acted towards him, and he turned it into a desire for them that the God who had wrought it would produce for their own blessing the perfect and abundant fruits of that love. He opens his own heart also to them. God, who created these feelings, and to whom he presented all that passed in his heart, this same God who acted in the Philippians, was a witness between them now that Paul could give no other by his labour among them of his earnest desire for them all.
He felt their love, but he desired moreover, that this love should be not only cordial and active, but that it should be guided also by wisdom and understanding from God, by a godly discernment Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List of good and evil, wrought by the power of His Spirit; so that, while acting in love, they should also walk according to that wisdom, and should understand that which, in this world of darkness, was truly according to divine light and perfection, so that they should be without reproach until the day of Christ.
How different from the cold avoidance of positive sin with which many Christians content themselves! The earnest desire of every excellence and likeness to Christ which divine light can shew them is that which marks the life of Christ in us. Now the fruits produced were already a sign that God was with them; and He would fulfil the work unto the end.
But the apostle desired that they Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List should walk throughout the whole of the way according to the light that God had given, so that when they came to the end there should be nothing with which they could be reproached: but that, on the contrary, set free from all that might weaken or lead them astray, they should abound in the fruits of righteousness, which are by Jesus Christ to the glory and praise of God.
Such is the introduction to this epistle. After this expression of the wishes of his heart for them, reckoning on their affection, he speaks of his bonds, which they had remembered; but he does so in connection with Christ and the gospel, which he had most of all at heart. But, before I go Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List The And List Ship Building Interpretation Shipwrecks Wooden Of Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List beyond the introduction into the matter of the epistle, I would notice the thoughts which lie at the foundation of the sentiments expressed in it.
There are three great elements which stamp their character on it. Redemption accomplished by Christ is indeed established as the foundation of this pilgrimage as was the case with Israel at their entrance into the wilderness , but the being presented risen and in glory before God, when victorious over every difficulty, is the subject in this epistle, and is that which is here called salvation.
And, thirdly, the important truth, already mentioned, is set forth, that the assembly, in these circumstances, was cast more immediately on God-the inexhaustible source for it of grace and strength, of which it Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List was to avail itself in an immediate way by faith-a resource which could never fail it. Paul was a prisoner at Rome. The enemy appeared to have gained a great victory in thus restraining his activity; but by the power of God, who orders all things and who acted in the apostle, even the devices of the adversary were turned to the furtherance of the gospel.
But there was another way in which this absence of the apostle had an effect. Many-who, in the presence of his power and his gifts, were necessarily powerless and insignificant persons-could make themselves of some importance, when, in the unsearchable but perfect ways of God, this mighty instrument of His grace was set aside. They could hope to Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List shine and attract attention when the rays of this resplendent light were intercepted by the walls of a prison.
Jealous but hidden when he was present, they availed themselves of his absence to bestir themselves; whether false brethren or jealous Christians, they sought in his absence to impair his authority in the assembly, and his happiness.
They only added to both. God was with His servant; and, instead of the self-seeking which instigated these sorry preachers of the truth, there was found in Paul the pure desire for the proclamation of the good news of Christ, the whole value of which he deeply felt, and which he desired above all, be it in what way it might. The normal condition of the assembly is Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List that the Spirit of God acts in the members of the body, each one in its place, for the manifestation of the unity of the body and of the reciprocal energy of its members.
Christ, having overcome Satan, fills with His own Spirit those whom He has delivered out of the hand of that enemy, in order that they may exhibit at the same time the power of God and the truth of their deliverance from the power of the enemy, and exhibit them in a walk, which, being an expression of the mind and energy of God Himself, leaves no room for those of the enemy.
They constituted the army and the testimony of God in this world against the enemy. But then, Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List each member, from an apostle down to the weakest, acts efficaciously in his own place. The power of Satan is excluded. The exterior answers to the interior, and to the work of Christ. He who is in them is greater than he who is in the world. But everywhere power is needed for this, and the single eye. There is another state of things, in which, although all is not in activity in its place, according to the measure of the gift of Christ, yet the restoring energy of the Spirit in an instrument like the apostle defends the assembly, or brings it back into its normal condition, when it has partially failed.
The epistle to the Ephesians, on the one side, and those Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List to the Corinthians and Galatians, on the other, present these two phases of the history of the assembly. The epistle to the Philippians treats-but with the pen of a divinely inspired apostle-of a state of things in which this last resource was wanting. It could not be deprived of God. Doubtless the assembly had not then departed so far from its normal condition as it has now done, but the evil was already springing up.
All seek their own, says the apostle, not the things of Jesus Christ; and God allowed it to be so during the life of the apostles, in order that we might have the revelation of His thoughts respecting it, and that we might be directed to the true resources Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List of His grace in these circumstances. Paul himself had to experience this truth in the first place. The bonds that united him to the assembly and to the work of the gospel were the strongest that exist on earth; but he was obliged to resign the gospel and the assembly to the God to whom they belonged.
This was painful; but its effect was to perfect obedience, trust, singleness of eye, and self-renunciation, in the heart, that is, to perfect them according to the measure of the operation of faith. Nevertheless the pain caused by such an effort betrays the inability of man to maintain the work of God at its own height. But all this happens in order that God may have the Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List whole glory of the work; and it is needed, in order that the creature may be manifested in every respect according to the truth.
And it is most blessed to see how, both here and in 2 Timothy, the decay of individual life and ecclesiastical energy brings out a fuller development of personal grace on one hand and ministerial energy on the other, where there is faith, than is found anywhere else.
Indeed it is always so. God was carrying it on; and therefore it would be for the triumph of Paul, who linked himself with the purposes of God. Therefore all this turned to his salvation, his faith being confirmed by these ways of a faithful God, who directed the eyes of Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List His faithful servant more entirely upon Himself.
Sustained by the prayers of others and by the supply of the Spirit of Jesus Christ, instead of being cast down and terrified by the enemy, he gloried more and more in the sure victory of Christ in which he shared. Accordingly he expresses his unchangeable conviction, that in nothing should he be made ashamed, but that it would be given him to use all boldness, and that Christ would be glorified in him, whether by his life or his death; and he had death before his eyes.
He alludes to this, Phillipians , ; Such was the purifying effect of the ways of God, who had made him pass through the ordeal, so terrible to him, of being Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Shipwrecks The Of Interpretation List Building And Wooden Ship separated for years, perhaps four, from his work for the Lord. The Lord Himself had taken the place of the work-so far at least as it was connected with Paul individually; and the work was committed to the Lord Himself.
Possibly the fact that he was so engrossed with the work had contributed to that which led to his imprisonment; for the thought of Christ alone keeps the soul in equilibrium, and gives everything its right place. God caused this imprisonment to be the means through which Christ became his all. Not that he lost his interest in the work, but that Christ alone held the first place; and he saw everything, and even the work, in Christ.
What consolation it is, when we Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List The And Interpretation Ship Building List Shipwrecks Wooden Of are perhaps conscious that our weakness has been manifested, and that we have failed in acting according to the power of God, to feel that He, who alone has a right to be glorified, never fails! Now, since Christ was everything to Paul, it was evident gain to die, for he would be with Him. Nevertheless it was worth while to live for this is the force of the first part of Phillipians , because it was Christ and His service; and he did not know which to choose.
Dying, he gained Christ for himself: it was far better. Living, he served Christ; he had more, as to the work, since to live was Christ, and death of course would put a stop to that. Thus Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List List he was in a strait between the two. But he had learnt to forget himself in Christ; and he saw Christ entirely occupied with the assembly according to His perfect wisdom. And this decided the question; for being thus taught of God, and not knowing for himself which to choose, Paul lost sight of himself, and thought only of the need of the assembly according to the mind of Christ.
It was good for the assembly that he should remain-for one assembly even: thus he should remain. And see what peace this looking to Jesus, which destroyed selfishness in the work, gives to the servant of God. After all, Christ has all power in heaven and earth, and He orders all things according Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List to His will.
Thus when His will is known-and His will is love for the assembly-one can say that it will be done. Paul decides as to his own fate, without troubling himself as to either what the emperor would do, or the circumstances of the time. Christ loved the assembly. It was good for the assembly that Paul should remain; Paul shall then remain.
How entirely Christ is everything here! Now if Christ is all this for Paul and for the assembly, Paul desires that the assembly should be that which it ought to be for Christ, and thereby for his own heart to which Christ was everything.
The joy of the Philippians would be abundant through his return to them; only let Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List And Wooden Of Building Ship Shipwrecks The List Interpretation Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List their conduct, whether he came or not, be worthy of the gospel of Christ. Two thoughts possessed his mind, whether he should see them or hear tidings of them, that they might have constancy and firmness in unity of heart and mind among themselves; and be devoid of fear with regard to the enemy, in the conflict they had to maintain against him, with the strength that this unity would give them.
This is the testimony of the presence and operation of the Spirit in the assembly, when the apostle is absent. He keeps Christians together by His presence; they have but one heart and one object.
They act in common by the Spirit. And, since God is there, the fear with which the Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Shipwrecks The Wooden Of List Ship Interpretation And Building evil spirit and their enemies might inspire them and it is what he ever seeks to do; compare 1 Peter is not there. They walk in the spirit of love and power and of a sound mind. Their condition is thus an evident testimony of salvation-entire and final deliverance-since in their warfare with the enemy they feel no fear, the presence of God inspiring them with other thoughts.
With regard to their adversaries, the discovery of the impotence of all their efforts produces the sense of the insufficiency of their resources. Although they had the whole power of the world and of its prince, they had met with a power superior to their own-the power of God, and they were its adversaries.
A Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List terrible conviction on the one side; profound joy on the other, where not only there was thus the assurance of deliverance and salvation, but they were proved to be salvation and deliverance from the hand of God Himself. Thus, that the assembly should be in conflict, and the apostle absent himself wrestling with all the power of the enemy , was a gift.
Joyful thought! They had a further and a precious portion in suffering with Christ, and even for Christ; and communion with His faithful servant in suffering for His sake united them more closely in Him. Note, here, how thus far we have the testimony of the Spirit to a life above the flesh, not of it. In nothing he had been ashamed, Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Of Wooden And Interpretation Shipwrecks The Building Ship List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List and fully trusted he never should be, but Christ magnified in his body, were his lot life or death, as He ever had been.
Envy and strife against himself leading some to preach Christ would only turn to victorious results for himself: he was content if Christ was preached. The superiority to the flesh, living above it so completely, was not that it was not there or its nature changed. He had, as we learn elsewhere, a thorn in the flesh, a messenger of Satan to buffet him.
But it is a glorious testimony to the power and working of the Spirit of God. Footnotes for Philippians Chapter 1. It marks this, that sin, or the flesh as working evilly in us, is not And Building List Interpretation Wooden Ship Shipwrecks The Of Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List mentioned in the epistle. It gives the forms and features of the life of Christ; for if we live in the Spirit, we should walk in the Spirit.
We shall find the graciousness of Christian life chap. Exhortation begins with chapter 2. Still even in chapter 1 we find the apostle entirely superior to circumstances in the power of spiritual life. And this would be the sense of the English translation and is a true principle. But then a man must have made the work his life. Neither is this a "once saved, always saved", or Paul"s confidence in the "perseverance of the saints".
Paul clearly taught that true Christians could become unfaithful Galatians Yet their past and up to the present record Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List is a good indication that they were serious about serving God and would continue to do so, especially in the light of the fact that this faithful service had been given even during a time of persecution Compare with Hebrews He may be saying that God, through their sacrificial labors, will bring His work in Europe to ripe completion.
The tremendous impact of the gospel throughout the entire Western world is evidence of the fact that Paul"s confidence in the Lord"s work in Europe was not in vain. And the implication seems to be that the effect of their great work will abide until the end of time! That is to say, Paul was certain that the Philippians would never waiver in their generosity, and would never cease sharing their good gifts to help spread the gospel.
Contrary to some commentators who advocate that Paul believed that Jesus was coming within lifetimes of first century Christians, Paul most emphatically states, in one of his very first letters, that he does not know when Jesus is coming again 1 Thessalonians Paul expects the Philippians to remain faithful to the end of the world or the end of their lives. Statement of St. Paul strikes that keynote of joy and confidence, which is dominant throughout the whole Epistle, and which is singularly remarkable when we remember that it was written in captivity, in enforced absence from the familiar and well-loved scenes of his apostolic labour, and with the Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List knowledge of faction and jealousy, taking advantage of that absence.
This is made still plainer in. The day of Jesus Christ. Paul, in the Second Epistle to the Thessalonians Philippians , et seq. It is of course clear that, in respect of the confidence here expressed, it makes no difference whether it be near or far away. To-morrow is the day of All Saints. For quite a thousand years the churches of the West have given the first of November to this great commemoration, illuminating the declining and darkening year with the spiritual splendour of the thought of these exalted multitudes who have outsoared our shadows into the light of God.
For it is with the holy ones departed that the festival, beyond a doubt, Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List was primarily from the first concerned. It contemplated the saints in that reference of the word which is often its distinctive reference in the Bible, as where the Old Testament seer beholds "the Lord our God coming, and all the saints with him," and where the Christian Apostle hails the same supreme prospect in its clearer and more articulate glory, "the coming of the Lord Jesus Christ, with all His saints". That reference passed into current language and normal use, as we find it largely illustrated in Shakespeare for example and in Milton.
And so the noble Collect of our Book, a prayer of the. Reformation age, lifts us up to remember and to emulate the immortals; "Grant that we may follow Thy Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List blessed saints in all virtuous and godly living".
Let us remember that the word saint, when we follow it through the Bible, above all through the New Testament, by no means most frequently connects itself with the holy dead in "those heavenly habitations," where to use the words of the tenderest supplication of the Prayer Book "the souls of them that sleep in the Lord Jesus enjoy perpetual rest and felicity".
Rather the word gravitates by Scriptural usage towards the seen and the temporal for its setting. By a saint the Apostle commonly means a being altogether, as to conditions and surroundings, like ourselves. We read of "poor saints," who need pecuniary relief by church collections, of "saints" whose feet, tired and bemired with Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List travel, the pious widow washes; "saints" resident and busy in town and city life, saints of Rome, and specially of Caesar"s household, saints of Colossae, of Thessalonica, and, as in the text, saints of Philippi.
Not the Garden of God was the place of life for the latter, but the Roman military town, with its vices and superstitions, and its angry rabble, its shops and market, its courthouse, and its inner prison. One of these Philippian saints was a merchant-woman, another was governor of the gaol, another a recent victim of demoniacal possession, still very likely the chattel of the slave-owner.
Yet to this whole company St. Paul gives without reserve the glorious name. There and then, in the thick of their Philippian Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List The List Interpretation Ship And Of Wooden Building Shipwrecks Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List life, they were all the saints of God. Taking together its etymology and its use, we find it conveying a blended and elevating notion of religious awe, and of a Divine ownership.
The invisible world has touched the Prayer of Manasseh, and sympathised with him, and breathed itself into him. God has called him, and drawn him near, into a personal connexion. The Lord has not only spoken to the Prayer of Manasseh, but has annexed him.
The person not only worships, but belongs. The presence around him and above him imposes an absolute claim upon him. It bids him live no longer to himself but to his God, to his Redeemer, Who has bought him, to his Sanctifier, Who occupies his soul. Thus Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List interpreted, the word saint, as in its other and heavenly reference, is indeed a great word and uplifting.
It carries in it the powers of the world invisible, and the grandeur of the fact that the redeemed man"s life is lived always and in the whole of it within the possessing hands of God.
No lower significance satisfies the truth of the designation. Nothing can be more wide of that truth than to explain saint as a conventional synonym for the baptised Christian and no more.
To be sure, it is applied impartially to all the baptised; the Apostle here indicates by it evidently the whole membership of the missionary Church. But this he does, as James Mozley long ago convincingly reasoned, not Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List as if the word saint admitted into itself a secondary and inferior sense, a sense, as Pearson puts it, of "outward vocation and charitable presumption".
Rather the "presumption" of the usage is that the people addressed are all what they all are called, that they are Christians indeed to a man and to a woman, that they are redeemed beings who have all responded to their redemption, that they have all felt, in fact, the power of the Eternal Presence, and its overawing love, that without exception they have yielded themselves to the Divine Possessor, and are appropriated to Him.
Yet meanwhile the word, thus exacting and exalted, is no remote and intangible term of an imaginative devotion. The Apostle means by it manifestly, as we have seen, something which can live, and labour, and suffer, in the common walk of life. He applies it without an effort to their modern mortal lives. Such homely saintship, as we know, was the traditional habit of the primeval Church.
Some seventy years later than the date of our text, it was the strange sunlight of a celestial life shed upon the common path, which moved Designing And Building A Wooden Ship Essay the soul of Aristides and prompted his appeal to Antonine. In his wonderful sketch of the Christians of the second century I find no allusion whatever to ascetic rigours and seclusions, nor again to supernatural displays, to unknown tongues, and sudden healing miracles.
But the observer stood awed and magnetically attracted before the people, who Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List Wooden Ship Building And The Interpretation Of Shipwrecks List without pretension, without self-consciousness, but with the large facility of a new nature, were always true, and always pure, and always kind in ordinary intercourse, glad and thankful before their God. In everything, faultlessly faithful in each relative duty of life, ready every day for a happy death, by nature or by martyrdom. The apostolic succession of the saints is the same still in its idea, and it can be the same still in its realisation.
But they all were first the saints of some Philippi here below as we are called to be today. They were all once true men and true women hallowed by the Eternal Presence here, and separated and surrendered here to the possession and the uses of their King.



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